SECT. IX.] INTRODUCTION. 51 



were, continue the series of white spots borne by the anterior wings. [Underside 

 not described.] This specimen was reared from a larva found near the river Lea, 

 Clapton Park. CLARK, J. A., Entomologist, 1880, xni. p. 73, fig. A. coloured 

 figure of the same specimen, MOSLKY, S. L., PI. 8, Jig. 3. 



A form very closely similar to the above is figured in black and white by 

 Newman from a specimen in Ingall's collection (fig. 5, B). [This is apparently the 

 specimen given in Zoologist, p. 3304.] NEWMAN, British Butterflies, p. Qi^ftg. A 

 British specimen which nearly approaches this aberration in the absence of the 

 white bars on the costse and in the absence of the black transverse bar is recorded. 

 In it each of the sub-marginal rows of black spots on the posterior wings is drawn, 

 containing a white spot. In this specimen the brown-red of the type was re- 

 presented by rose-colour. NEWMAN, Entomologist, 1873, p. 345, fig. 



Another specimen closely resembling this aberrant form is described from New 

 South Wales. OLLIFF, A. S., Proc. Linn. Soc., N. S. W., S. 2, in. p. 1250. 



Another specimen closely resembling the above was taken at Graham's Town, 

 S. Africa, and is mentioned by JENNER WEIR, Entomologist, 188'J, xxn. p. 73. 



Another specimen is figured in which the hind-wings are marked as in the 

 above, but the anterior wings, though strongly resembling this aberration in the 

 general disposition of the colours, yet differ in details, the chief points of difference 

 being that the white costal bar is only partially obliterated and the white spots on 

 the anal angles of the fore-wings are not developed. 



[This specimen was in Kadeu's collection and was presumably European.] 

 HEURICH-SCHAFFER, Bd. i. p. 41, PL 35, figs. 157 and 158. 



A description is given of an aberrant form taken at King William's Town, 

 S. Africa, which " closely resembled that figured by Herrich-Schitffer." THIMBU, 

 B., South-African Butterflies, i. p. 201. 



A specimen (British) resembling the above, but lacking the white spots on the 

 anal angles of the fore- wings and having the marginal row on the hind-wing light- 

 coloured, but not quite white, is figured by MOSLEY, Pt. in. PI. 3, fig. 3. 



Two specimens were taken in New Jersey, U.S.A., which are stated to have 

 conformed to this aberration. STRECKER, Cat. N. Amcr. Macrolepidop., p. 137. 



Another British specimen generally resembling Herrich-Schaffer's figure is 

 represented by MOSLEY, PI. 8, fig. 4. 



In all the above specimens the resemblance, as far at least as the upper surface 

 is concerned, is considerable. With the exception of Herrich-Schaffer's example, 

 the undersides are not figured, but from the descriptions it may be gathered that 

 they also resembled each other though probably not so closely as the upper surfaces. 

 The resemblance between the underside of the Australian specimen and that figured 

 by Herrich-Schaffer must have been very close. 



"Intermediate between these extreme sports and the normal form are three 

 examples taken at Cape Town in 1866, 1873 and 1874 the first by myself in 

 which the fore-wing markings are scarcely affected, but the hind-wing spots are 

 minutely ocellate and externally prolonged, so as to be confluent with the succeed- 

 ing row of lunules." TRIMEN, ibid. pp. 201, 202. 



Another aberration, a Belgian specimen, resembles " Elymi" in kind but differs 

 from it in degree. In it also the white bars are absent from the cost, and the 

 brown and black markings of the anterior wings are rearranged in almost exactly 

 the same manner. The posterior wings are modified to a much less extent and the 

 normal row of black spots between the nervures remains, while only the first and 

 second of the series of white spots is present, the former being very slight. In this 

 individual the markings of the underside also resemble the aberration generally, 

 but it retains the four ocelli of the type. DE DONCEEL, H. DONCKIER, Ann. Soc. 

 <?Ent. Beige, 1878. xxi. p. 10, Plate. 



A specimen, also Belgian, is described in which the two anterior wings resemble 

 Herrich-Schaffer's figure in lacking the white bars on the costre and in the arrange- 

 ment of the black and ground colour. In neither of them are the white spots of the 

 anal angles (found in the British and Australian specimens) present. The white 

 markings at the apex of the anterior wings differ on the two sides, being in both 

 of them unlike the type and an approach to the aberrations in question, but the 

 degree to which they are developed differs markedly, being greatest on the right side. 

 The left posterior wing resembles the aberration in having the six abnormal white 

 spots, but less emphasized than in the figures quoted above ; in general colour this wing 

 is darker than the type. The right posterior wing, however, has none of the white 

 spots of the aberration, and differs from the type only in being more suffused with 



42 



