278 



.Mi:i:i>Tir VARIATION. 



[PART i. 



< )f tin- tii-t cl,-i>s, there have been described cases of 



OH' 



t wo. 



or 

 three 



c one, 

 right aortic | two, 



-! three i-left aortic renals. 



associated with ! or 



I four j 



K)9. 



In tin- commonest t'..i-m. next to the normal condition of one on 

 each side, t here are two on the rightside and one on the left. In the 

 -..Mild commoin-t condition there are two on the left and one on 

 the right; but aiming the forms with larger numbers, the greatest 

 iiuiiili.-r is more frequently seen on the left than on the right side. 

 In all these cases one vessel arises in the position of the normal 

 renal; a second commonly springs from the aorta much lower 

 down, ^fin-rally on the level of, or below the inferior mesenteric ; 

 tin- tlnnl \\lii-n present, is at a very short distance above the 

 normal i-fiial, \< r\ close to the supra-renal and on the level of the 

 -ii]>crior mesenteric. Cases of five on the right are described by 

 OTTO and .Mi:< KI;L, nnd other multiple forms are recorded by the 

 older anatomists. MACALISTER, A., Proc. Roy. Irish Ac., 1883, p. 

 624. 



Three renal arteries on each side, symmetrically placed (Fig. 

 7:1). In this case the posterior ends of the kidneys were united 



FKI. 7H. Case of three renal arteries on each side combined with " horse-shoe 

 kidney" (Man). (From (I'MI/'S ll<i>tj>. l!,'i>.}. 



across the middle line in the condition known as "horse-shoe 

 kidney" [see evidence as to Bilateral Series]. Guy's Hosn. Rep., 

 1883, p. 4,s, % 



Ureters. Male. Four ureters emerging from the hilum of 

 each kidney. After proceeding about tour inches they became 

 united, forming a pel\ is from which sprang the proper ureter. The 

 hilum of the kidney was found to lie occupied by a quantity of 



