CONTENTS 



PAGE 



PREFACE vii 



CHAPTER I 

 ACTION OF CHEMICAL AGENTS UPON PROTOPLASM 



1. Modification of Vital Actions 1 



1. Oxygen .......... 2 



2. Hydrogen 5 



3. Oxides of Carbon ......... 6 



4. Ammonia .......... 6 



5. Catalytic Poisons ......... 7 



6. Poisons which form Salts 12 



a. Acids 12 



b. Soluble Mineral Bases 13 



c. Salts of Heavy Metals 13 



7. Substitution Poisons . . . . . .15 



8. Sodic Fluoride ......... 21 



9. Special Poisons 



2. Acclimatization to Chemical Agents .... .27 



3. Chemotaxis 32 



Summary of the Chapter .45 



Appendix to Chapter I 52 



Literature ............ 54 



CHAPTER II 

 EFFECT OF VARYING MOISTURE UPON PROTOPLASM 



1. On the Amount of Water in Organisms . ... 58 



2. On the Effect of Desiccation upon the Functions of Protoplasm . 59 



1. Effect of Dryness on Metabolism . . .59 



2. Effect of Dryness upon the Motion of Protoplasm . . 60 



3. Desiccation-rigor and Death .60 



3. On the Acclimatization of Organisms to Desiccation ... 65 

 4. The Determination of the Direction of Movement by Moisture 



Hydrotaxis 66 



Literature 67 



xi 



