TYPHACEAE. 



1. Typha angustifdlia L. NAR- 

 ROW-LEAVED CAT-TAIL. SHAG. (Fig. 

 1.) Stems slender, 4-10 high. Leaves 

 2"-6" wide; spikes light brown, the 

 staminate and pistillate portions usu- 

 ally distant, the two together some- 

 times 2 long, the pistillate, when ma- 

 ture, 4"-8" in diameter, and provided 

 with braetlets ; stigmas linear or linear- 

 oblong; pollen-grains simple ; fruit not 

 furrowed, not bursting in water ; outer 

 coat of the seed not separable. [T. 

 doming ensis (Pers.) Kunth.] 



Common in marshes, often forming 

 large patches. Native. Widely distrib- 

 uted in tropical and temperate regions 

 of both the New World and the Old. 

 Its very light seeds are freely distributed 

 by the wind, and the plant may readily 

 have reached Bermuda by winds, either 

 from the West Indies, or from the Ameri- 

 can mainland. Its leaves are used for 

 bedding domestic animals. Flowers in 

 spring, the furry spikes maturing in 

 autumn and the minute fruits then blown about by the wind. 



Family 2. PANDANACEAE Endl. 

 SCREW-PINE FAMILY. 



Trees or shrubs, usually with erect trunks, repeatedly branching and 

 emitting aerial roots at least below, the spirally arranged narrow leaves 

 clustered at the ends of the branches and usually spinulose-margined, the 

 small, sessile, dioecious flowers in large, dense, terminal or axillary clusters. 

 Perianth none. Staminate flowers with many stamens, the anthers oblong, 

 erect, and a rudimentary ovary. Pistillate flowers with a single, 1-celled 

 ovary, containing a single anatropous ovule in Pandanus, the stigma sessile. 

 Fruit a syncarp, the seeds very small. There are nearly 100 species, 

 natives of the Old World tropics, grouped in 2 genera. 



Pandanus utilis Bory, SCREW-PINE, Madagascan, probably the largest 

 of the genus, is commonly planted for ornament and interest and some very 

 fine specimens may be seen. It may reach a height of 50-60, but Bermuda 

 examples have reached only about half that height. It has pale green rigid 

 leaves 3 long or less, their margins very spiny; its globose pendulous beads 

 of fruit are 6 '-8' thick. [P. odoratissimus of II. B. Small and of Jones.] 



Pandanus Veitchii Lem., VEITCH'S SCREW-PINE, Polynesian, also planted 

 for ornament, is smaller, branches rather freely from near the ground, and 

 has thinner shiny leaves, dark green with marginal white bands, also spiny. 



Pandanus muricatus Thouars, Madagascan, recorded by Jones, is not now 

 known to be represented in Bermuda. 



Order 2. NAIADALES. 



Aquatic or marsh herbs, the leaves various. Flowers perfect, monoe- 

 cious or dioecious. Perianth present, or wanting Parts of the flower 

 mostly unequal in number. Carpels 1 or more, distinct and separate or 

 united; endosperm none, or very little. 



