VIOLACEAE. 



249 



nivent or syngenesious. Ovary simple, 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentae. 

 Fruit usually a loeulicidal capsule. Seeds anatropous. About 15 genera 

 and 325 species, of wide distribution. 



1. VIOLA [Tourn.] L. 



Acauleseent and scapose or leafy-stemmed herbs, the flowers solitary or 

 rarely 2; early flowers petaliferous, often sterile, usually succeeded by apetalous 

 or eleistogamous flowers which are abundantly fertile. Petals spreading, the 

 lowermost one spurred or saccate; stamens 5, the two inferior ones spurred. 

 Capsule 3-valved, elastically dehiscent. About 200 species, of wide distribution. 

 Type species: Viola odorata L. 



1. Viola odorata L. ENGLISH 

 OR, SWEET VIOLET. (Fig. 272.) 

 Stolons rooting at the nodes; leaves 

 pubescent or glabrate, the blades 

 orbicular or broadly ovate, cordate, 

 obtuse, crenate, l'-2' wide; scapes 

 equalling the foliage; flowers fra- 

 grant, 10"-20" broad; sepals ob- 

 long, obtuse; petals beardless; cap- 

 sules from eleistogamous flowers 

 borne on short decumbent peduncles. 



Occasionally escaped from gar- 

 dens, where it is commonly grown. 

 Native of Europe. 



Viola tricolor L., PANSY, 

 HEARTS-EASE, also European in 

 origin, is grown in flower gardens 

 in a variety of races. 



Order 23. PASSIFLORALES. 



Herbs, tendril-bearing vines, shrubby plants, or succulent trees with a 

 milky sap. Leaves alternate, entire or lobed. Flowers perfect, or when 

 dioecious, the staminate and pistillate very different. Calyx of 5 more or 

 less united sepals. Corolla of 5 distinct or partially united petals, some- 

 times accompanied by a fringed crown. Stamens 5 or 10 in 2 unequal rows. 

 Ovary superior, 1-celled, with 3-5 parietal placentae. Stigmas entire, 

 notched or forked. Fruit a berry or capsule. 



Corolla not accompanied by a crown ; flowers mainly dioecious, the staminate and 

 pistillate different. Fam. 1. CARICACEAE. 



Corolla accompanied by a crown (corona) ; flowers perfect, 



all alike. Pam. 2. PASSIFLORACEAE. 



