CARDUACEAE. 



401 



the tube short, the limb 5-lobed. Anthers entire, or minutely 2-toothed 

 at the base. Style-branches tipped with hirsute appendages. Achenes thick, 

 oblong or obovate, compressed, or somewhat 4-angled. Pappus of 2 scales or 

 awns, or sometimes with 2-4 additional shorter ones, deciduous. [Greek, sun- 

 flower.] About 60 species, natives of the New World. Type species: Heli- 

 anthus annuus L. 



1. Helianthus debilis Nutt. Low 

 SUNFLOWER. (Fig. 441.) Annual, sca- 

 brous, branched, ]-3 high, the branches 

 mostly spreading or decumbent. Leaves 

 alternate, or the lower oppdsite, slender- 

 petioled, triangular-ovate to hastate, 1J'- 

 3V long, acute or acuminate at the apex, 

 broadly cuneate to subcordate at the base, 

 repand-dentate or coarsely toothed; 

 heads about 2' broad, long-peduncled; 

 bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate, 

 V long or less, acuminate ; rays 8-15, 

 bright yellow ; disk purple, 7"-10" broad ; 

 receptacle nearly flat. 



In a field, Middle Road, 1913, collected 

 by F. S. Collins. Introduced. Native of 

 the southeastern United States* Flowers 

 in summer. 



Helianthus annuus L., SUNFLOWER, North American, a tall broad-leaved 

 annual herb, with rough stems and foliage, large heads at the ends of branches, 

 the disk-flowers purplish, the bright yellow rays often 6' long, is often grown 

 in gardens for ornament. 



Helianthus tuberosus L., JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE, North American, a tall 

 perennial, with rough ovate leaves, the rootstocks bearing edible tubers, the 

 heads '2 '-3' broad, both disk-flowers and rays yellow, is occasionally grown in 

 gardens. 



16. BIDENS [Tourn.], L. 



Annual or perennial herbs, with opposite serrate lobed divided or dis- 

 sected leaves, or the uppermost alternate, and mostly large heads of both 

 tubular and radiate flowers, or the rays none, or rudimentary. Involucre cam- 

 panulate or hemispheric, its bracts in 2 series, distinct or slightly united at the 

 base ; the outer often f oliaceous. Eeceptacle flat or nearly so, chaffy, the chaff 

 subtending the disk-flowers. Rays, when present, neutral. Disk-flowers per- 

 fect, fertile, their corollas tubular, 5-toothed. Anthers entire, or minutely 

 sagittate at the base. Style-branches with short or subulate tips. Achenes flat, 

 quadrangular or nearly terete, euneate, oblong, or linear. Pappus of 2-6 teeth 

 or subulate awns, upwardly or downwardly barbed or hi?pid. [Latin, two- 

 toothed, referring to the achenes.] About 75 species of wide geographic dis- 

 tribution. Type species: Bidens bipartita L. 



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