490 ALGAE. 



ing effects of the sun's rays, the algae are less conspicuous between the 

 tide lines in the warmer parts of the earth than in many of the colder 

 parts. In this respect, as also in the genera and species that are repre- 

 sented, Bermuda has more in common with Florida and the West Indies 

 than with the northern United States and Great Britain. The direct, 

 physical connection with more southern shores by the northward-flowing 

 Gulf Stream and the more or less similar conditions as to illumination and 

 water temperatures are doubtless- the main factors in determining the 

 obviously marked affinity between the marine flora of Bermuda and that of 

 the Antillean region. A certain number of species of marine algae a 

 number that seems to increase rather than diminish as a result of critical 

 study is, so far as is now known, peculiar to Bermuda ; other species 

 occur also on the North Atlantic coasts of the American continent ;. others, 

 again are found also on the shores of Europe, the Azores, the Canary Isles, 

 etc.; but to still larger degree the algae of Bermuda appear to be identical 

 in species with those of the Bahamas, southern Florida, and the Greater 

 Antilles. 



The marine algae of Bermuda have received a considerable amount of 

 attention from naturalists. One species and one variety reached the hands 

 of Dawson Turner and were described by him in the first volume of his 

 classic Historia Fucorum, published in 1808. Four principal lists of Ber- 

 mudian algae have been published up to the date of writing, all of which 

 are referred to in the general bibliography. In the first of these, by 

 Alexander F. Kemp, published in 1857, seventy-one species of marine 

 algae are named and others are referred to the genus only. In the second, 

 by Johannes Justus Rein, published in 1873, the number enumerated is 

 one hundred and nine. In the third, published in the report of the Chal- 

 lenger Expedition in 1884 and based in a considerable part on the two 

 lists already mentioned, one hundred and thirty-two species are named as 

 occurring in these islands. 



But by far the most complete list of Bermuda algae ever published 

 is contained in a paper on " The Algae of Bermuda" by F. S. Collins and 

 A. B. Hervey, which has appeared just as the present work is going to 

 press and in which 410 species are recognized. Collections of algae have 

 been made in Bermuda by one or both of the authors of this recent im- 

 portant paper at all seasons of the year, and 250 numbers of dried speci- 

 mens of Bermuda algae have been distributed by them in the Phycotheca 

 Boreali-Americana of Collins, Holden & Setchell. In the following dis- 

 cussion of the marine flora these specimens are often cited under the abbre- 

 viation " Phyc. Bor.-Am." In addition to these specimens, the writer has 

 had access to a considerable amount of material, both dried and in fluid, 

 generously supplied to the New York Botanical Garden by Mr. Collins, 

 and also to a collection of 329 numbers, both dried and in fluid, made by 

 the writer during a single four weeks' visit to Bermuda in the summer of 

 1900, as well as to a number of specimens collected and distributed by Pro- 

 fessor W. G. Farlow, Professor Herbert M. Richards, and others. In 

 view of the very recent appearance of the Collins & Hervey list and in view 

 of the more limited material at the disposal of the present writer, no 

 attempt to offer a complete list of species will be made in the following 

 pages. An effort will be made, however, at least to mention the more 

 common and more conspicuous algae occurring in the islands, with remarks, 



