468 



JUNGERMANNIACEAE. 



usually bifid. Antheridia mostly in pairs, in the axils 'of inflated bracts with 

 explanate lobules, the bracts imbricated and forming short or more or less 

 elongated androecia. Female inflorescence borne on a more or less elongated 

 branch, without innovations; bracts larger than the leaves, with explanate 

 lobules and often more or less connate with the bifid bracteole. Perianth 

 normally 3-keeled, with one keel ventral, but often with supplementary folds, 

 abruptly contracted into a short tubular beak. [Commemorates L. Frullani, a 

 Florentine minister of state.] A very large genus, 800 or more described 

 species, mostly tropical. Type species: F. dilatata (L.) Dinnort. 



1. Frullania squarrosa (Eeinw. Bl. 

 & Nees) Dumort. SPREADING FRULLAXIA. 

 (Fig. 517.) Dark green or pigmented 

 with brown, scattered or growing in de- 

 pressed mats. Leaves imbricated, the 

 lobe rolled around the stem when dry, 

 strongly squarrose when moist, ovate, 

 rounded at the apex, and entire; lobule 

 about as broad as long; under leaves 

 bifid, usually with entire margins; inflo- 

 resenee dioecious; female inflorescence 

 borne on a short and simple branch, 

 bracts in about three pairs ; perianth ob- 

 long, without supplementary keels, sur- 

 face more or less roughened by scattered 

 -tubercles or scales, especially along the 

 kels. [Jungermannia squarrosa Eeinw. 

 Bl. & Nees.] 



On rocks and trees, Paynter's Vale and 

 Walsingham. Widely distributed in trop- 

 ical and subtropical regions, extending as 

 far north, In the United States, as Con- 

 necticut. 



Order 3. ANTHOCEROTALES. 



Gametophyte a prostrate clorsiventral thallus, varying from strap- 

 shaped to circular, with very little cell-differentiation, usually quite desti- 

 tute of air-spaces but sometimes developing intercellular spaces with muci- 

 lage; green cells with one or a few large flat chloroplasts, often with a 

 single pyrenoid. Antheridia borne singly or in groxips just below the 

 upper surface of the thallus. Archegonia in irregular dorsal groups, im- 

 bedded, the tip of the neck alone projecting. Sporophyte differentiated 

 into a broad foot and an elongated cylindrical capsule, the latter growing 

 indefinitely by means of a basal embryonic region, splitting at maturity 

 into two valves. Spores surrounding a central sterile structure, the colu- 

 mella, and interspersed with irregular, often multicellular elaters, with or 

 without bands of thickening. Four or five genera and about 150 species, 

 widely distributed. 



