CONTENTS. Xlll 



PAGE 



Rudimentary and Transformed Branches 153 



Stems of Vascular Cryptogams 154 



Stems of Mosses 154 



THE LEAF 155 



Development 155 



Bundles 156 



Parenchyma . 158 



Epidermis 161 



Fall of the Leaf 162 



Leaves of Cryptogams 164 



CHAPTER IV. 



MINUTE STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FLOWER, 



FRUIT, AND SEED. 



THE FLOWER 166 



Preparation of Material for the Study of its Development .... 166 



Stages in its Formation 168 



Tissue Systems of the Flower 170 



Development of the Stamens 171 



Style, Stigma, and Ovary 172 



Distribution of Fibro-vascular Bundles in Simple Pistils 173 



Distribution of Fibro-vascular Bundles in Compound Pistils . . . 173 



Formation of the Ovule 175 



THE FRUIT 176 



Its Structure 176 



Its Coloring-matters 177 



THE SEED 178 



Structure of the Seed-coat and its Appendages 178 



Nucleus of the Seed 181 



Food Materials and Protein Granules in Seeds 182 



CHAPTER V. 



PHYSIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF TISSUES. 



DIVISION OF LABOR IN THE PLANT 185 



Work of the Plant Organism 185 



Organs and their Classification 186 



Haberlandt's Classification of Organs 187 



MECHANICS OF TISSUES 188 



Strength of Tissues 190 



Stereom and Mestom . .... 192 



