I 4 PRIMARY FACTORS OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION. 



5. Movements of the organ- 

 ism are caused or directed by 

 sensation and other conscious 

 states. 



6. Habitual movements are 

 derived from conscious experi- 

 ence. 



7. The rational mind is de- 

 veloped by experience, through 

 memory and classification. 



5. Movements of organism 

 are not caused by sensation or 

 conscious states, but are a sur- 

 vival through natural selection 

 from multifarious movements. 



6. Habitual movements are 

 produced by natural selection. 



7. The rational mind is de- 

 veloped by natural selection 

 from multifarious mental activ- 

 ities. 



It is not the object of the present book to present all 

 the available evidence on both sides of each of the ques- 

 tions above enumerated. I propose merely to submit 

 certain facts, in support of the doctrines contained in 

 the left-hand column of the above table. My aim will 

 be to show in the first place, that variations of charac- 

 ter are the effect of physical causes ; and second, that 

 such variations are inherited. The facts adduced in 

 support of these propositions will be necessarily prin- 

 cipally drawn from my own studies in the anatomy, 

 ontology, and paleontology of the Vertebrata. It will 

 be my aim, moreover, to co-ordinate the facts of evo- 

 lution with those of systematic biology, so that the re- 

 sult may be as clearly presented as possible. The fail- 

 ure to do this by the founders of evolutionary doctrine 

 has given their work a lack of precision, which has 

 been felt by systematic biologists. The detailed ap- 

 plication of the principles of Lamarck and Darwin has 

 been the work of their successors, and has necessarily 

 thrown much new light on the principles themselves. 

 In pursuing the object above stated, I shall be obliged 



