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  not 
  by 
  physiological, 
  but 
  only 
  by 
  morphological 
  

   research. 
  And 
  the 
  claims 
  of 
  these 
  two 
  great 
  

   lines 
  of 
  inquiry 
  are 
  obviously 
  very 
  diverging. 
  

   Morphological 
  or 
  comparative 
  studies 
  need 
  

   a 
  material 
  standard, 
  by 
  which 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  readily 
  

   decided 
  whether 
  certain 
  groups 
  of 
  ani- 
  

   mals 
  and 
  plants 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  described 
  or 
  de- 
  

   nominated 
  as 
  species, 
  as 
  subspecies 
  or 
  as 
  varie- 
  

   ties. 
  To 
  get 
  at 
  the 
  inner 
  nature 
  of 
  the 
  dif- 
  

   ferences 
  is 
  in 
  most 
  cases 
  impossible, 
  but 
  a 
  de- 
  

   cision 
  must 
  be 
  made. 
  The 
  physiological 
  line 
  

   of 
  inquiry 
  has 
  more 
  time 
  at 
  its 
  disposal 
  ; 
  it 
  calls 
  

   for 
  no 
  haste. 
  Its 
  experiments 
  ordinarily 
  cover 
  

   years, 
  and 
  a 
  conclusion 
  is 
  only 
  to 
  be 
  reached 
  

   after 
  long 
  and 
  often 
  weary 
  trials. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  

   making 
  a 
  decision 
  on 
  any 
  matter 
  until 
  all 
  

   doubtful 
  points 
  have 
  been 
  cleared 
  up. 
  Of 
  

   course, 
  large 
  groups 
  of 
  facts 
  remain 
  uncertain, 
  

   awaiting 
  a 
  closer 
  inquiry, 
  and 
  the 
  teacher 
  is 
  

   constrained 
  to 
  relv 
  on 
  the 
  few 
  known 
  instances 
  

  

  V 
  

  

  of 
  thoroughly 
  investigated 
  cases. 
  These 
  alone 
  

   are 
  safe 
  guides, 
  and 
  it 
  seems 
  far 
  better 
  to 
  trust 
  

   to 
  them 
  and 
  to 
  make 
  use 
  of 
  them 
  for 
  the 
  con- 
  

   struction 
  of 
  sharp 
  conceptions, 
  which 
  may 
  help 
  

   us 
  to 
  point 
  out 
  the 
  lines 
  of 
  inquiry 
  which 
  are 
  

   still 
  open. 
  

  

  Leaving 
  aside 
  all 
  such 
  divisions 
  and 
  defini- 
  

   tions, 
  as 
  were 
  stamped 
  with 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  pro- 
  

   visional 
  species 
  and 
  varieties 
  by 
  the 
  great 
  sys- 
  

  

  