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  Fluctuations 
  

  

  the 
  figures 
  themselves. 
  Whenever 
  decimals 
  are 
  

   made 
  use 
  of 
  it 
  is 
  obviously 
  the 
  best 
  plan 
  to 
  keep 
  

   the 
  figures 
  themselves. 
  For 
  afterwards 
  it 
  often 
  

   becomes 
  necessary 
  to 
  arrange 
  them 
  according 
  

   to 
  a 
  somewhat 
  different 
  standard. 
  

  

  Uniting 
  the 
  heads 
  of 
  the 
  vertical 
  rows 
  of 
  fig- 
  

   ures 
  by 
  a 
  line, 
  the 
  form 
  corresponding 
  to 
  Que- 
  

   telet's 
  law 
  is 
  easily 
  seen. 
  In 
  the 
  main 
  it 
  is 
  

   always 
  the 
  same 
  as 
  the 
  line 
  shown 
  by 
  the 
  meas- 
  

   urements 
  of 
  beans 
  and 
  seeds. 
  It 
  proves 
  a 
  dense 
  

   crowding 
  of 
  the 
  single 
  instances 
  around 
  the 
  

   average, 
  and 
  on 
  both 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  mass 
  of 
  the 
  

   observations, 
  a 
  few 
  wide 
  deviations. 
  These 
  be- 
  

   come 
  more 
  rare 
  in 
  proportion 
  to 
  the 
  amount 
  of 
  

   their 
  divergency. 
  On 
  both 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  average 
  

   the 
  line 
  begins 
  by 
  falling 
  very 
  rapidly, 
  but 
  then 
  

   bends 
  slowly 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  assume 
  a 
  nearly 
  horizon- 
  

   tal 
  direction. 
  It 
  reaches 
  the 
  basal 
  line 
  only 
  be- 
  

   yond 
  the 
  extreme 
  instances. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  quite 
  evident 
  that 
  all 
  qualities, 
  which 
  

   can 
  be 
  expressed 
  by 
  figures, 
  may 
  be 
  treated 
  in 
  

   this 
  way. 
  First 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  organs 
  occurring 
  in 
  

   varying 
  numbers, 
  as 
  for 
  instance 
  the 
  ray-florets 
  

   of 
  composites, 
  the 
  rays 
  of 
  umbels, 
  the 
  blades 
  of 
  

   pinnate 
  and 
  palmate 
  leaves, 
  the 
  numbers 
  of 
  

   veins, 
  etc., 
  are 
  easily 
  shown 
  to 
  comply 
  with 
  

   the 
  same 
  general 
  rule. 
  Likewise 
  the 
  amount 
  

   of 
  chemical 
  substances 
  can 
  be 
  expressed 
  

   in 
  percentage 
  numbers, 
  as 
  is 
  done 
  on 
  a 
  large 
  

  

  