﻿90 
  Elementary 
  Species 
  

  

  neath 
  the 
  stigma, 
  remain 
  enclosed. 
  This 
  is 
  

   manifestly 
  a 
  very 
  useful 
  adaption 
  for 
  a 
  culti- 
  

   vated 
  plant, 
  as 
  by 
  this 
  means 
  no 
  seeds 
  are 
  lost. 
  

   It 
  would 
  be 
  quite 
  a 
  disadvantage 
  for 
  a 
  wild 
  

   species, 
  and 
  is 
  therefore 
  claimed 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  

   connected 
  from 
  the 
  beginning 
  with 
  the 
  culti- 
  

   vated 
  form. 
  

  

  The 
  large 
  kernels 
  of 
  corn 
  and 
  grain, 
  of 
  beans 
  

   and 
  peas, 
  and 
  even 
  of 
  the 
  lupines 
  were 
  consid- 
  

   ered 
  by 
  Darwin 
  and 
  others 
  to 
  be 
  unable 
  to 
  cope 
  

   with 
  natural 
  conditions 
  of 
  life. 
  Many 
  valuable 
  

   fruits 
  are 
  quite 
  sterile, 
  or 
  produce 
  extremely 
  

   few 
  seeds. 
  This 
  is 
  notoriously 
  the 
  case 
  with 
  

   some 
  of 
  the 
  best 
  pears 
  and 
  grapes, 
  with 
  the 
  

   pine-apples, 
  bananas, 
  bread-fruits, 
  pomegran- 
  

   ate 
  and 
  some 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  orange 
  tribe. 
  It 
  

   is 
  open 
  to 
  discussion 
  as 
  to 
  what 
  may 
  be 
  the 
  im- 
  

   mediate 
  cause 
  of 
  this 
  sterility, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  quite 
  

   evident, 
  that 
  all 
  such 
  sterile 
  varieties 
  must 
  have 
  

   originated 
  in 
  a 
  cultivated 
  condition. 
  Otherwise 
  

   they 
  would 
  surely 
  have 
  been 
  lost. 
  

  

  In 
  horticulture 
  and 
  agriculture 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  

   new 
  varieties 
  arise 
  from 
  time 
  to 
  time 
  is 
  beyond 
  

   all 
  doubt, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  this 
  question 
  with 
  which 
  

   we 
  are 
  now 
  concerned. 
  Our 
  arguments 
  were 
  

   only 
  intended 
  to 
  prove 
  that 
  cultivated 
  species, 
  

   as 
  a 
  rule, 
  are 
  derived 
  from 
  wild 
  species, 
  which 
  

   obey 
  the 
  laws 
  discussed 
  in 
  a 
  previous 
  lecture. 
  

   The 
  botanic 
  units 
  are 
  compound 
  entities, 
  and 
  

  

  