﻿Stability 
  and 
  Real 
  Atavism 
  177 
  

  

  when 
  very 
  young, 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  two 
  or 
  three, 
  or 
  

   sometimes 
  in 
  eight 
  or 
  ten 
  primary 
  leaves. 
  

   These 
  leaves 
  are 
  small 
  because 
  of 
  the 
  weakness 
  

   of 
  the 
  young 
  plant 
  and 
  therefore 
  often 
  more 
  or 
  

   less 
  reduced 
  in 
  structure. 
  But 
  they 
  are 
  usually 
  

   strictly 
  bipinnate 
  and 
  thereby 
  give 
  testimony 
  

   as 
  to 
  their 
  descent 
  from 
  species 
  which 
  bear 
  such 
  

   leaves 
  throughout 
  their 
  life. 
  

  

  Other 
  similar 
  cases 
  could 
  be 
  given, 
  but 
  this 
  

   will 
  suffice. 
  They 
  once 
  more 
  show 
  how 
  neces- 
  

   sary 
  it 
  is 
  to 
  separate 
  the 
  different 
  cases, 
  thrown 
  

   together 
  until 
  now, 
  under 
  this 
  general 
  name 
  of 
  

   atavism. 
  It 
  would 
  be 
  far 
  better 
  to 
  give 
  them 
  

   all 
  special 
  names, 
  and 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  these 
  are 
  not 
  

   available 
  we 
  must 
  be 
  cautious 
  not 
  to 
  be 
  mis- 
  

   guided 
  by 
  the 
  name, 
  and 
  especially 
  not 
  to 
  con- 
  

   fuse 
  different 
  phenomena 
  with 
  one 
  another, 
  be- 
  

   cause 
  at 
  the 
  present 
  time 
  they 
  bear 
  the 
  same 
  

   names. 
  

  

  Taking 
  into 
  consideration 
  the 
  relatively 
  nu- 
  

   merous 
  restrictions 
  resulting 
  from 
  this 
  discus- 
  

   sion, 
  we 
  will 
  now 
  make 
  a 
  hasty 
  survey 
  of 
  some 
  

   of 
  the 
  more 
  notable 
  and 
  generally 
  acknowledged 
  

   cases 
  of 
  atavism 
  by 
  bud-propagation. 
  But 
  it 
  

   should 
  be 
  repeated 
  once 
  more 
  that 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  

   highly 
  cultivated 
  plants, 
  grown 
  as 
  vegetables 
  or 
  

   for 
  their 
  fruit 
  or 
  flowers, 
  have 
  so 
  many 
  crosses 
  

   in 
  their 
  ancestry, 
  that 
  it 
  seems 
  better 
  to 
  exclude 
  

   them 
  from 
  all 
  considerations, 
  in 
  which 
  purity 
  of 
  

  

  