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  Retrograde 
  Varieties 
  

  

  each 
  other, 
  or 
  they 
  may 
  be 
  artificially 
  pollinated 
  

   with 
  their 
  own 
  pollen. 
  

  

  The 
  outcome 
  of 
  the 
  experiments 
  is 
  shown 
  by 
  

   the 
  spikes, 
  as 
  soon 
  as 
  they 
  dry. 
  Each 
  spike 
  

   bears 
  two 
  sorts 
  of 
  kernels 
  irregularly 
  dispersed 
  

   over 
  its 
  surface. 
  In 
  this 
  point 
  all 
  the 
  spikes 
  

   are 
  alike. 
  On 
  each 
  of 
  them 
  one 
  may 
  see 
  on 
  the 
  

   first 
  inspection 
  that 
  the 
  majority 
  of 
  the 
  kernels 
  

   are 
  starch-containing 
  seeds, 
  while 
  a 
  minor 
  part 
  

   becomes 
  wrinkled 
  and 
  transparent 
  according 
  to 
  

   the 
  rule 
  for 
  sugary 
  seeds. 
  This 
  fact 
  shows 
  at 
  

   once 
  that 
  the 
  hybrid 
  race 
  is 
  not 
  stable, 
  but 
  has 
  

   differentiated 
  the 
  parental 
  characters, 
  bringing 
  

   those 
  of 
  the 
  varietal 
  parent 
  to 
  perfect 
  purity 
  

   and 
  isolation. 
  Whether 
  the 
  same 
  holds 
  good 
  

   for 
  the 
  starchy 
  parent, 
  it 
  is 
  impossible 
  to 
  judge 
  

   from 
  the 
  inspection 
  of 
  the 
  spikes, 
  since 
  it 
  has 
  

   been 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  generation 
  that 
  the 
  hybrid 
  

   kernels 
  are 
  not 
  visibly 
  distinguished 
  from 
  those 
  

   of 
  the 
  pure 
  starch-producing 
  grains. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  very 
  easv 
  to 
  count 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  both 
  

  

  7 
  

  

  sorts 
  of 
  grains 
  in 
  the 
  spike 
  of 
  such 
  a 
  hybrid. 
  

   In 
  doing 
  so 
  we 
  find, 
  that 
  the 
  proportion 
  is 
  

   nearly 
  the 
  same 
  on 
  all 
  the 
  spikes, 
  and 
  only 
  

   slight 
  variations 
  would 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  hundreds 
  

   of 
  them. 
  One-fourth 
  of 
  the 
  seeds 
  are 
  wrinkled 
  

   and 
  three-fourths 
  are 
  alwavs 
  smooth. 
  The 
  

  

  m 
  

  

  number 
  may 
  vary 
  in 
  single 
  instances 
  and 
  be 
  a 
  

   little 
  more 
  or 
  a 
  little 
  less 
  than 
  25#, 
  ranging, 
  for 
  

  

  