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  Fluctuations 
  

  

  dicating 
  the 
  height 
  of 
  their 
  contents, 
  and 
  that, 
  

   in 
  order 
  to 
  reach 
  a 
  more 
  easy 
  and 
  correct 
  state- 
  

   ment, 
  the 
  length 
  of 
  the 
  lines 
  may 
  simply 
  be 
  made 
  

   proportionate 
  to 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  the 
  beans 
  in 
  

   each 
  glass. 
  If 
  such 
  lines 
  are 
  erected 
  on 
  a 
  com- 
  

   mon 
  base 
  and 
  at 
  equal 
  distances, 
  the 
  line 
  which 
  

   unites 
  their 
  upper 
  ends 
  will 
  be 
  the 
  expression 
  of 
  

   the 
  fluctuating 
  variability 
  of 
  the 
  character 
  under 
  

   discussion. 
  

  

  The 
  same 
  inquiry 
  may 
  be 
  made 
  with 
  other 
  

   seeds, 
  with 
  fruits, 
  or 
  other 
  organs. 
  It 
  is 
  quite 
  

   superfluous 
  to 
  arrange 
  the 
  objects 
  themselves, 
  

   and 
  it 
  is 
  sufficient 
  to 
  arrange 
  the 
  figures 
  in- 
  

   dicating 
  their 
  value. 
  In 
  order 
  to 
  do 
  this 
  a 
  

   basal 
  line 
  is 
  divided 
  into 
  equal 
  parts, 
  the 
  de- 
  

   marcations 
  corresponding 
  to 
  the 
  standard-units 
  

   chosen 
  for 
  the 
  test. 
  The 
  observed 
  values 
  are 
  

   then 
  written 
  above 
  this 
  line, 
  each 
  finding 
  its 
  

   place 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  demarcations, 
  which 
  in- 
  

   clude 
  its 
  value. 
  It 
  is 
  very 
  interesting 
  and 
  

   stimulating 
  to 
  construct 
  such 
  a 
  group. 
  The 
  

   first 
  figures 
  may 
  fall 
  here 
  and 
  there, 
  but 
  very 
  

   soon 
  the 
  vertical 
  rows 
  on 
  the 
  middle 
  part 
  of 
  

   the 
  basal 
  line 
  begin 
  to 
  increase. 
  Sometimes 
  

   ten 
  or 
  twenty 
  measurements 
  will 
  suffice 
  to 
  make 
  

   the 
  line 
  of 
  chance 
  appear, 
  but 
  often 
  indentations 
  

   will 
  remain. 
  With 
  the 
  increasing 
  number 
  of 
  

   the 
  observations 
  the 
  irregularities 
  gradually 
  

  

  