JUNG 15 



Liber XI. Trees and Shrubs : Leguminous and Rosaceous ; also Rhus, 

 Laurus, Fraxinus, Juglans, Castanea, Fagus, Qiiercus, Corylus, Tilia, 

 Ulmus, Betiila, Alnus, Populus, Acer, Platanus, Ricinus. 



Liber XII. Mespilus, Crataegus, Berberis, Ribes, Sambucus, Ficus, Opuntia, 

 Morus, Arbutus, Laurus, Daphne, Cistus, Myrtus, Vaccinium, Buxus, 

 Olea, Salix, Ligustrum, Phillyrea, Rhamnus, Rubus Rosa, Tamarix, 

 Erica, Coniferous plants, Palma. 



There was but one author, during this period, who made any 

 material contribution to the science of classification, and that 

 was Joachim Jung of Hamburg (1587 1657). Jung is best 

 known by his Isagoge Pkytoscopica (1678, ed. Vaget), the most 

 philosophic and scientific treatise on plants that had appeared 

 since the time of Aristotle, which is the foundation upon which 

 the whole superstructure of plant-morphology and descriptive 

 botany has since been erected. But it was in his De Plantis 

 Doxoscopiae Physicae Minores (1662, ed. Fogel) that he expressed 

 his views on systematic Botany. He did not propound a system 

 of his own, but he sought to arrive at the principles upon which 

 a classification should be based, with the logical result that he 

 rejected the time-honoured Theophrastian division of plants 

 into Trees and Herbs. Though Jung failed to produce any 

 immediate impression upon the Botany of his time, he powerfully 

 influenced the great developments which took place in the 

 eighteenth century. It so happened that Ray, as he mentions 

 in his Index Plantarum Agri Cantabrigiensis (1660), had obtained 

 through Samuel Hartlib a MS. of the whole or part of Jung's 

 Isagoge, which seems to have impressed him so much that he 

 included many of Jung's morphological definitions in the glossary 

 appended to the Index ; and he subsequently embodied the 

 Isagoge in the first volume of his Historia Plantarum (1686). 

 It was from Ray's Historia that Linnaeus learned the morpho- 

 logical principles and terminology of Jung which were the basis 

 of his own work in descriptive Botany, and rendered possible 

 the elaboration of his system of classification. But, in spite of 

 Jung, the venerable division of plants into Trees and Herbs con- 

 tinued to hold its own for a time. As will be seen, it was still 

 adhered to by M orison and by Ray, even after it had been 

 shown to be quite untenable by Rivinus (Introductio Generalis 



