BARROWS BELONG TO VERY DIFFERENT PERIODS. 159 



objects made of bronze, no less than 29 contained also stone 

 implements, many of which, moreover, were extremely rude. 



There are also cases in which it is evident that flint imple- 

 ments were deposited in graves rather in deference to ancient 

 customs, than because they were still in every-day use. Thus 

 in the tumulus known as Kouloba, or " Hill of Cinders," 

 near Kertch, a heap of sharp flints was found. This tumulus 

 was of considerable size, and contained the remains of a 

 chief, his wife, servant, and horse. He wore a cap orna- 

 mented with plates of gold, a gold enamelled necklace, and 

 gold bracelets. His sword was of iron, the handle covered 

 with leaves of gold embossed with figures of hares and foxes. 

 His shield was also of gold, covered with heads of Medusa, 

 etc. An electrum plate, which had formed part of a quiver, 

 was also ornamented with figures of animals, such as a tiger 

 seizing a goat, and a deer attacked by a griffin. Above the 

 tail of the tiger was written Tropvayo- Statuettes, bronze 

 cauldrons, and many other things were deposited around. 



The queen was also richly ornamented. The tumulus con- 

 tained also a diadem of gold ; a necklace of gold filagree, to 

 which were suspended small bottles of fine gold ; medallions 

 of green and blue enamel ; a magnificent vase in electrum ; 

 two gold bracelets; and six knives with ivory handles, besides 

 many other gold ornaments. Many of these objects were 

 ornamented with beautiful figures of animals. A mitre, for 

 instance, had a plate of electrum, on which were represented 

 four women in Greek costume, sitting in the midst of gar- 

 lands of lotuses, the stalks of which served as seats and 

 backs. The plate was attached to the mitre by four masks 

 of lions, and the bottom of the mitre was bordered by a 

 diadem of gold, adorned by small enamelled rosettes. In the 

 same tumulus, under this tomb, was a second still richer one, 

 from which no less than 120 pounds- weight of gold jewellery 

 are said to have been taken. 



