BONES OF ANIMALS IN TUMULI. 175 



New Grange, for instance, is covered with double spirals, and 

 those forming the central chamber are also covered with circles, 

 spirals, and other patterns, one of the most remarkable being 

 that of a so-called fern leaf, which occurs also in Brittany 

 and in the so-called temple of Hagiar Kern, in Malta. Mr. 

 Conwell has recently discovered an extensive series of inte- 

 resting sepulchral sculptures in the county of Meath. With 

 the exception of the " fern leaf," all these archaic sculpturings 

 in Great Britain are mere geometrical figures. The same 

 figures also occur in Brittany, accompanied, however, by 

 frequent representations of stone axes, both with and without 

 handles. 



The rock sculptures of Scandinavia present a still further 

 advance, many of them being rude representations of boats, 

 much like those on some of the bronze knives (figs. 42 45). 



The most remarkable monument of this kind, however, is 

 that of Kivik in Scania, close to the shore of the Baltic. 



Cup markings also occur among the Kumaon Hills in 

 Hindostan. Mr. Eivett Carnac has suggested that they are 

 connected with Lingam worship ; the central mark repre- 

 senting the Lingam, the circle the Yoni. The rich, he sup- 

 poses, put up a monument, the poor merely carved the symbol. 



The remains of other mammals found with ancient human 

 relics have acquired increased interest, since the admirable 

 researches of the Danish and Swiss zoologico-archseologists, 

 and especially of Steenstrup and Elitimeyer, by whose skilful 

 cross-examination much valuable and unexpected evidence 

 has been elicited, from materials of most unpromising appear- 

 ance. Unfortunately the non-human remains found in tumuli 

 are usually in a very fragmentary condition. No remains of 

 any extinct animal have as yet been found in the tumuli of 

 Western Europe. Even the reindeer is altogether absent. The 

 deer and ox are most frequent. The latter was certainly 

 domesticated in Switzerland as early as the Neolithic period. 



