210 ABSENCE OF EXTINCT SPECIES. 



(R bison or Bison Europeans), four principal races of domestic 

 oxen occur in the Lake villages.* 



The first of these, the Primigenius race, closely resembles 

 the Urns or Bos primigenius, and was no doubt descended 

 from it. It occurs, in all the earlier Pile- works, and in the 

 present day is best represented by the wild cattle of Chilling- 

 ham, and the great oxen of Friesland, Jutland, and Holstein. 



The second, or Trochoceros race, has not hitherto been found 

 in any of the Stone Age villages. Elitimeyer regards it as 

 scarcely distinguishable from the urus, and observes that its 

 peculiarities are principally, though not exclusively, developed 

 in the female sex. 



The third, or Frontosus race, occurs but sparingly in the 

 older Pfahlbauten ; becomes more frequent in the Bronze Age 

 villages, and prevails at the present clay in northern Switzer- 

 land. Prof. Elitimeyer considers this variety also to be derived 

 from the urus, and remarks that while the wild cattle of Chil- 

 lingham are true to the primigenius form, some of the Lyme 

 Park cattle approach to the frontosus type. He has, however, 

 never seen a skull of this type belonging to an undoubtedly 

 wild animal. 



The fourth is the Lonyifrons or Bracliyceros race. The name 

 Brachyceros, by which it was at first known, must be aban- 

 doned, having been previously applied by Dr. Gray to an 

 African ox. This variety is extremely abundant in all the 

 Pfahlbauten. Prof. Eiitimeyer regards it as descended, not 

 from the urus, bat from a second and smaller species, perhaps 

 from Bos indicus. He remarks, however, that if it be derived 

 from the urus, it is at least a more distinct, and must be an 

 older variety than any of the preceding. Prof. Elitimeyer 

 admits that we have no evidence that B. longifrons ever existed 

 in a wild state in Central Europe. 



* Ar. fur Anthropologie, 1866, p. 219. 



