304 THE AUROCHS. 



to the Red Fox of North America.* In the same cave the 

 Common Hare was represented "by two individuals only, while 

 of the Alpine Hare not less than 250 individuals were indi- 

 cated by the remains. 



The Glutton of North Europe, which is the wolverine of the 

 North American fur-hunters, has been found in several of the 

 English bone-caves, as well as in the Norfolk " Forest-beds," } 

 and is very abundant in those of Belgium. 



The Aurochs, or European Bison, appears to have been 

 abundant in Western Europe. It has been found in Scot- 

 land, England, France, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Poland, 

 and Italy, as well as in Russia. Its remains occur in the 

 river-drift gravels, the bone-caves, the Lake villages of Swit- 

 zerland, and in the peat-bogs, though none have yet been 

 found in the shell-mounds of Denmark, nor, so far as I am 

 aware, in any of our British peat-bogs or tumuli. M. Lartet 

 thinks that it is represented on a coin of the Santones, which 

 was shown to him by M. de Saulcy. It is stated by Pliny 

 and Seneca to have existed in their time, with the urus, in 

 the great forests of Germany. Though not mentioned by 

 Cassar, it is alluded to in the Niebelungen Lied, and is said 

 to have existed in Prussia down to the year 1775. According 

 to Nordmann and Von Baer, it still survives in some parts of 

 Western Asia. 



The bison is also preserved by the Emperor of Russia in the 

 imperial forests of Lithuania, where, however, its existence 

 seems to be very precarious. In ISoO the herd numbered 

 711 head, of which, during the Polish revolution in 1831, 

 115 were killed. From that time they gradually increased 

 until 1857, when the numbers were 1898, but during the late 



* Merk. Mitt, cler Ant. Ges. in Zurich, 1875. Eiitimeyer, Die Yerand. 

 der Thierwelt in der Sclrvveiz seit Anscwenlieit der Mcnschen. 



t Newton, Proc. Geol. Soc., 1880. 



