FLAKES. SCRAPERS. AWLS, ETC. 327 



would be relatively more abundant than in a Kjokkemnod- 

 ding. Each oyster furnishes but a single mouthful, so that 

 the edible portions evidently form a greater proportion of the 

 whole in the mammalia than in the mollusca. The Kjokken- 

 moddings, therefore, would grow, cceteris paribus, more rapidly 

 than the bone-breccia ; and supposing the flint implements to 

 be equally numerous in both cases, they would, of course, be 

 more sparingly distributed in the former than in the latter. 



The principal objects of stone found in the bone-caves which 

 we are now considering, are flakes, both simple and worked, 

 scrapers, cores, awls, lance-heads, cutters, hammers, and mortar- 

 stones. 



The simple and worked flakes are, of course, very numerous, 

 but they do not call for any special observations. They pre- 

 sent the usual varieties of size and form. 



Though less numerous than the flakes, the scrapers* are 

 still very abundant. On the whole they seem to me longer 

 and narrower than the usual Danish type. Some of them 

 were probably intended to be used in the hand, as both ends 

 are fashioned for scraping. These may be called double- 

 scrapers. Others were apparently fixed in handles, as the 

 end opposite to the scraper is broken, sometimes on one side, 

 sometimes on both, so as to form a tapering extremity, which 

 may have been fixed in a handle either of wood, bone, or 

 horn. Many of the flakes are also nipped off at one end, in 

 the same manner. Perhaps, as no trace of such a handle has 

 yet been discovered by MM. Christy and Lartet, wood was 

 the material used for this purpose. 



Of course, where there was a manufactory of flint flakes, 

 the cores or nuclei, from which they were struck, must also 

 be present. I was, however, astonished at the number of 

 them in these caves ; during my short visit, I myself picked 

 out more than ninety. 



* See ante, pp. 96, 97. 



