586 DIFFUSION OF MAN. 



dition than that thus indicated. So long, indeed, as he was 

 confined to the tropics, he may have found a succession of 

 fruits, and have lived as the monkeys do now. Indeed, 

 according to Bates, this is still the case with some of the 

 Brazilian Indians. " The monkeys," he says, " lead in fact a 

 life similar to that of the Pararauate Indians." Directly, 

 however, our ancestors spread into temperate climates, this 

 mode of life would become impossible, and they would be 

 compelled to seek their nourishment, in part at least, from 

 the animal kingdom. Then, if not before, the knife and the 

 hammer would develope into the spear and the club. 



It is too often supposed that the world was peopled by a 

 series of "migrations." But migrations, properly so called, are 

 compatible only with a comparatively high state of organiza- 

 tion. Moreover, it has been observed that the geographical 

 distribution of the various races of man curiously coincides 

 with that of other races of animals : and there can be no 

 doubt that he originally crept over the earth's surface little 

 by little, year by year, just, for instance, as the weeds of Europe 

 are now gradually but surely creeping over the surface of 

 Australia. 



The preceding argument assumes, of course, the unity of 

 the human race. It would, however, be impossible for me 

 to end this volume without saying a few words on this great 

 question. It must be admitted that the principal varieties 

 of mankind are of great antiquity. We find on the earliest 

 Egyptian monuments, some of which are certainly as ancient 

 as 2400 B.C., " two great distinct types, the Arab on the east 

 and west of Egypt, the Negro on the south ; and the Egyptian 

 type occupying a middle place between the two. The repre- 

 sentations of the monuments, although conventional, are so 

 extremely characteristic that it is quite impossible to mistake 

 them." These distinct types still predominate in Egypt and 

 the neighbouring countries. Thus, then, says Mr. Poole, in 



