216 THE FLORA OF THE PFAHLBAUTEN. 



animals at Wauwyl and Moosseedorf, as representing the Age 

 of Stone ; and at Mdau, as perhaps the best illustration of 

 that of Bronze. 1 represents a single individual; 2, several; 

 3, the species which are common; 4, those which are very 

 common ; and 5, those which are present in large numbers. 



If succeeding investigations confirm the conclusions thus 

 indicated, we may infer that the domestic animals, which 

 were comparatively rare in the Stone period, became more 

 frequent after the introduction of bronze; a change which 

 indicates and perhaps produced an alteration of habits on the 

 part of the inhabitants. 



Bare, indeed, as they may have been, oxen, horses, sheep, 

 and goats could not be successfully kept through the winter 

 in the climate of Switzerland without store of provisions and 

 some sort of shelter. A pastoral people, therefore, must have 

 reached a higher grade than a mere nation of hunters. We 

 -know, moreover, in another way, that at this period agriculture 

 was not entirely unknown. This is proved in the most unex- 

 pected manner, by the discovery of carbonized cereals at 

 various points. Wheat is most common, having been dis- 

 covered at Meilen, Moosseedorf, and Wangen. At the latter 

 place, indeed, many bushels of it were found, the grains being 

 united in large thick lumps. In other cases the grains are 

 free, and without chaff, resembling our present wheat in size 

 and form, while more rarely they are still in the ear. Ears 

 of the Hordeum hexastichon L. (the six -rowed barley) are 

 somewhat numerous. This species differs from the H. vulgare 

 L. in the number of rows, and in the smaller size of the grains. 

 According to De Candolle, it was the species generally culti- 

 vated by the ancient Greeks, Bomans, and Egyptians. In the 

 ears from Wangen, each row has generally ten or eleven grains, 

 which, however, are smaller and shorter than those now grown. 



Three varieties of wheat were cultivated by the Lake- 

 dwellers, who also possessed two kinds of barley, and two of 



