292 THE CAVE-HYAENA. THE CAVE-LION. 



distinguishable from the tiger. It has hitherto been regarded 

 as a distinct species, but Messrs. Dawkins and Sanford now 

 consider* it as only a large variety of the lion. It has not 

 yet been found in Scotland, Ireland, Scandinavia, Denmark, 

 or Prussia. It occurs, however, in France, Germany, Italy, 

 and Sicily. As long ago as 1672, Dr. John Hains figured a 

 bone of this species from the Carpathians, an observation of 

 considerable interest, as it carries the area of the F. spelcea so 

 near to the mountains of Thessaly, where, as Herodotus tells 

 us, the camels attached to the army of Xerxes were attacked 

 by lions.-)- Messrs. Boyd Dawkins and Sanford refer also to 

 the same species the remains found at Natchez, in Mississippi, 

 which were described by Dr. Leidy as a new species under 

 the name of Felis atrox. The characters, however, which 

 induced Dr. Leidy to regard his specimens as distinct, are 

 met with in some of the bones of F. spelcea from the Mendip 

 Hills. If this opinion be correct, F. spelcea must have stretched 

 eastwards across Eussia and Siberia, where no remains of it 

 have yet been observed. Inasmuch, however, as the mam- 

 moth, the musk ox, the reindeer, the bison, the elk, the horse, 

 the wolf, in short, many of our most characteristic quaternary 

 mammalia occur also in America, it seems a priori rather 

 probable than otherwise that Messrs. Dawkins and Sanford are 

 correct in regarding F. atrox of that continent as specifically 

 identical with the F. spelcea of Europe. 



Remains of a second large species of Felis, considered to be 

 identical with the leopard, have been discovered in the bone- 

 caves of England, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, and Spain ; 

 and the lynx has been found by Dr. Ransom in a Derbyshire cave. 



The Mammoth, or Elephas primigenius, had very extensive 

 geographical range. Its remains are found in North America, 



* Palaeontologies! Soc., vol. for resting memoir on the Zoology of 

 1868, p. 149. Ancient Europe, Cam. Phil. Soc., 



t See also Mr. Newton's inte- March, 1862. 



