CO-EXISTENCE OF MAN WITH THE MAMMOTH. 359 



by M. Bertrand,* at Clichy, in the valley of the Seine. Among 

 these bones, about the authenticity and antiquity of which 

 there seems to be no doubt, was a skull which has been 

 examined by M. Lartet, and which is decidedly dolichocephalic. 



We have as yet but partly answered the second of the two 

 questions with which we started. Even admitting that the 

 flint hatchets are coeval with the gravel in which they occur, 

 it remains to be shown that the bones of the extinct animals 

 belong also to the same period. This was at first doubted by 

 some geologists, who suggested that they might have been 

 washed out of earlier strata. 



If, however, these bones belonged to a period earlier than 

 that of the gravel, where, we may ask, are the remains of the 

 animals which did exist at that time ? Moreover, the bones, 

 though sometimes much worn and broken, are at others, and 

 even, according to Mr. Prestwich, " as a general rule,-)- either 

 not rolled at all, or are slightly so." Secondly, these species, 

 and particularly the mammoth and the woolly-haired rhino- 

 ceros, are the characteristic and commonest species of these 

 beds, not only in the valley of the Somme, but in all the 

 drift gravels of England and France ; while, if they belonged 

 in reality to an earlier period, they would not occur so con- 

 stantly, and they would be accompanied by other species 

 characteristic of earlier times. 



Thirdly, the materials forming the drift gravels of the 

 Somme Valley have all been obtained from the present area 

 of drainage, and there are in this district no older beds from 

 which the remains of these extinct mammalia could possibly 

 have been derived. There are, indeed, outliers of tertiary 

 strata, but the mammalian remains found in those beds belong 

 to other, and much older, species. 



Fourthly, as regards the rhinoceros, we have the express 

 testimony of M. Baillon, that on one occasion all the bones 



* Les Mondes, 1869, p. 64. t Phil. Trans. 1. c. p. 300. 



