EARLY RACES OF MAN. 587 



this immense interval we do not find " the least change in the 

 Negro or the Arab ; and even the type which seems to be 

 intermediate between them is virtually as unaltered. Those 

 who consider that length of time can change a type of man, 

 will do well to consider the fact that three thousand years 

 give no ratio on which a calculation could be founded."* 

 I am, however, not aware that it is supposed by any school 

 of ethnologists that " time" alone, without a change of exter- 

 nal conditions, will produce an alteration of type. Let us 

 now turn to the instances relied on by Mr. Crawfurd.^ The 

 millions, he says, " of African Negroes that have during three 

 centuries been transported to the New World and its islands, 

 are the same in colour as the present inhabitants of the 

 parent country of their forefathers. The Creole Spaniards, 

 who have for at least as long a time been settled in tropical 

 America, are as fair as the people of Arragon and Andalusia, 

 with the same variety of colour in the hair and eye as their 

 progenitors. The pure Dutch Creole colonists of the Cape of 

 Good Hope, after dwelling two centuries among black Kaffirs, 

 and yellow Hottentots, do not differ in colour from the people 

 of Holland." Here, on the contrary, we have great change of 

 circumstances, but a very insufficient lapse of time, and in 

 fact there is no well- authenticated case in which these two 

 requisites are united. But Mr. Crawfurd went, I think, too 

 far when he denied altogether any change of type. In spite 

 of the comparatively short time which has elapsed, and of 

 the immense immigration which has been kept up, there is 

 already a marked difference between the English of Europe 

 and those of America ; and it would be desirable to inquire 

 whether, in their own eyes, the Negroes of the New World 

 exactly resemble those of Africa. 



But there are some reasons which make it probable that 



* Poole, Trans. Ethn. Soc., New f Crawfurd, Trans. Ethn. Soc., 

 Ser. vol. ii. p. 261. New Ser. vol. ii. p. 252. 



