608 APPENDIX. 



evidence to prove that even the Romans were unable to deal 

 with their slag : I imagine their copper was produced in very low 

 blast-furnaces, or more probably " hearths," by continuous blow- 

 ing and working with tools ; some impure tin might in that case 

 separate as a "speiss" or "bottom" metal, but the bulk would go 

 into the slag. However, in Cornwall, where, if anywhere, such 

 mixed ores might be supposed to have been found, I am not aware 

 that there is any evidence of such smelting, but, on the contrary, 

 sulphide and arsenical ores seem to have been neglected, while 

 stream tin was eagerly sought for. The evidences of old stream 

 works exist throughout Cornwall and Devon very extensively, and 

 it is certain that pure tin ore alone was extracted from them ; in 

 fact, I believe that no other tin mining existed in early times, and 

 therefore that no mixed ores of tin and copper could have been 

 obtained. Believe me, my dear Lubbock, 



Yours very truly, 



H. HUSSEY VIVIAN. 



Since writing the foregoing, I have read it to Mr. Morgan, the 

 manager of our copper works, a man of very great smelting expe- 

 rience and much scientific knowledge, and Mr. Hartmann, the 

 manager of our silver works, and a first-rate chemist : both confirm 

 everything I have stated. 



Page 66. 

 The passage from Avienus is as follows : 



Quae Himilco Pcenus mensibus vix quatuor, 

 Ut ipse semet re probasse retulit 

 Enavigantem, posse transmitti adserit : 

 Sic nulla late flabra propellunt ratern, 

 Sic segnis humor cequoris pigri stupet. 

 Adjicit et illud, plurimum inter gurgites 

 Extare fucum, et saepe virgulti vice 

 Retinere puppim dicit hie nihilominus 

 Non in profvmdum terga demitti maris, 

 Parvoque aquarum vix supertexti solum : 

 Obire semper hue et hue ponti feras, 

 Navigia lenta et languide repentia 

 Internatare belluas. 



