2 ANIMAL INDIVIDUALITY [CH. 



the advent of consciousness, though still remaining a 

 lawful subject of the Zoologist, becomes naturalised 

 in the proper realms of the Psychologist and the 

 Philosopher and transfers thither the major portion 

 of its business. 



More, even were the Zoologist to confine himself 

 to a description of non-conscious organic individuals 

 and the deductions he drew from them, he would 

 often find himself without a reasoned criterion of 

 Individuality or a true idea of what he means by 

 " higher " or " lower " individualities. It is only when 

 the Biologist and the Philosopher join hands that 

 they can begin to see the subject in its entirety. 



There are two chief ways of enquiry into the 

 meaning of things the static and the dynamic. In 

 determining the nature of Individuality, for instance, 

 we may seek to define it by comparing the different 

 objects we are agreed upon to call individuals and 

 then taking their Highest Common Measure ex- 

 tracting from them the utmost which is common to 

 all and erecting that as the minimum conception of 

 Individuality ; or we may search for the movement 

 of individuality through the individuals, and, finding 

 that some are more perfect, some more rudimentary 

 in their individuality, thus establish a direction in 

 which its movement is tending, and from that deduce 

 the properties of the Perfect Individual, possessing 

 then a maximum conception of Individuality. 



