iv] THE SECOND GRADE 85 



The essential thing about an organism is its actual 

 working, the way it directs the current of energy by 

 which it is continually traversed, and causes it to act 

 on the external world. The main errors of materialism 

 on the one hand and of teleology on the other 

 have resulted from thinking either of substance and 

 structure alone, the mere tools by which the working 

 is carried on, or only of the apparent purpose for 

 which it seems to exist, and not merely of the working 

 itself. Only on this basis can a definition of individu- 

 ality be attempted, and it is by neglecting this basis 

 that many have been led to false conclusions. 



CHAPTER IV 



THE SECOND GRADE OF INDIVIDUALITY 

 AND ITS ATTAINMENT 



Question : " What's one and one and one and one and one and one 

 and one and one and one and one ? " 



Alice through the Looking -Glass. 

 Answer (sometimes) : 



"Each one almost a Whole, yet all but Parts 

 They have lost self to form a Greater Whole 

 Far nobler than its sum of single Parts." 



The Green Bayswater. 



IN Chapter II it was shown that the very existence 

 of the first living individual, the cell, was originally 



