40 ANIMAL INDIVIDUALITY [CH. 



in the same way, differ from their original only as 

 regards their mode of development and, as a con- 

 sequence of this, in never having enjoyed a free and 

 full individuality. The relation of the individuals in 

 a colony to each other is thus rendered still more 

 obscure owing to the fact of one being produced out 

 of another. What was at first nothing but a part 

 grows up into a new whole. 



Budding, though perhaps most striking when it 

 leads to the formation of a colony, is by no means 

 restricted to colonial forms : often, as in Hydra 

 (Fig. 3), the process is completed, and the bud set 

 free to lead an independent life. Here one individual 

 has produced a second out of its own substance : the 

 two resemble each other not less closely than two 

 individuals bred from the egg, and yet the first has 

 lost not a jot of its own individuality in thus creating 

 itself anew in the second. 



This fresh creation of new forms from the substance 

 of the old is what we usually term Reproduction. 

 Budding is but one of its many methods, and we 

 must look at some others before we can see its full 

 bearing upon our subject. First we will take fission, 

 or division into two halves, a method which occurs in 

 several groups of the higher animals, though less 

 commonly than budding. Rarely, as among the 

 stony corals, are colonies produced through its 

 means; usually the two halves part company and each 



