GENERAL BIOLOGY 



plants have rigid cell walls of cellulose (C 12 H 20 O 10 ), which is 

 lacking in animals ; the food of plants consists of relatively simple 

 chemical compounds, whereas that of animals is much more com- 

 plex; also plants are usually less active than animals. 



The minor subdivisions of both animal and plant kingdoms 

 are very numerous and are known as Orders, Families, Genera, 

 Species and Varieties. The scientific name of any animal or plant 

 consists merely of the name of the genus and species to which it 

 belongs. This method of naming animals and plants is due to 

 Linnaeus (1707-1778) and is known as binomial nomenclature. 



Inspect the specimens in the Museum, Herbarium and Vivarium, 

 and become familiar with as many as possible of the subdivisions 

 and classes named above. Enter in your laboratory notes in the 

 following manner the scientific name (copied from the labels of 

 specimens on exhibition) of some one member of each phylum 

 and class of the animal kingdom, so far as represented in the ex- 

 hibits : 



PHYLUM CLASS GENUS SPECIES 



Cnidaria Hydrozoa Hydra fusca 



The animals and plants which will be studied in this course are 

 common forms which are found in the vicinity of the laboratory. 

 The particular forms to be studied are chosen because they illus- 

 trate especially well certain general principles or characteristics. 



Locate in the tables of classification the position and relation 

 to other animals or plants of each organism studied in the labo- 

 ratory, museum or field. 



D. METAPHYTA 



Metaphyta are many-celled plants, with more or less differentia- 

 tion of the cells and tissues for particular functions. The lower 

 Metaphyta belong to the Cryptogamia or flowerless plants, the 

 higher ones to the Phanerogamia or flowering plants. Owing to 

 limitations of time, it is not possible in this course to study more 

 than one representative of the Metaphyta, and for this study one of 

 the higher flowering plants is chosen, viz., the common bean. 



PHASEOLUS VULGARIS, String Bean 



(Subkingdom Phanerogamia, Division Spermatophyta, Sub- 

 division Angiospermae, Class Dicotyledonae.) 



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