GENERAL BIOLOGY 



Read: Bigelow, Applied Biology, pp. 66-121; or 



Coulter, Barnes and Cowles, Text Book of Botany, 



Vol. i, pp. 295-484; or 



Curtis, Nature and Development of Plants, pp. 1-129; or 



Duggar, Plant Physiology, pp. ; or 



Ganong, Text Book of Botany, pp. 1-178; or 



Physiology of Plants, pp. or 



Huxley and Martin, Practical Biology, pp. 460-481 ; or 



MacDougall, Plant Physiology, or 



Vines, Text Book of Botany, pp. 666-783, or 



Woodruff, Foundations of Biology, pp. 61-114. 



A. MORPHOLOGY. 



I. SEED. 



In beans which have been soaked for 24 hours in water ob- 

 serve : 



1. Shape, Size, Color. 



2. The Seed Coat, a tough outer membrane. 



3. The Hilum, or scar, where it was attached to the parent 

 plant. 



4. Dry the surface of the seed and squeeze it gently; water 

 will exude from a small hole near the hilum, the Micropyle. 



Draw a bean to show all of these features, in profile and also in 

 face view. 



II. EMBRYO. 



Remove the seed coat and observe the Embryo, which fills 

 the whole space within the seed coat ; note the following parts of 

 the Embroyo : 



a. Two Cotyledons or seed leaves, which constitute most of the 

 bean seed ; they are attached to one another by their bases. Mount 

 in water scrapings from one of the cotyledons and examine under 

 microscope; also test scrapings with iodine and others with 

 Benedict's Solution. What is the chief constituent of a Coty- 

 ledon ? 



Separate the two Cotyledons and observe : 



b. The Hypocotyl (stem and root) on the margin of the 

 Cotyledons with its apex toward the micropyle. 



c. The Plummule (bud) between the Cotyledons, composed of 

 two small primary leaves and a minute bud between them. 



Draw an embryo to show the inner face of a cotyledon with 

 hypocotyl and plumule attached. 



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