GENERAL BIOLOGY 



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(C.) Reproductive Organs or Flowers. 



1. Position. Where do flowers occur? Judging from their po- 

 sitions, to what vegetative parts are they homologous ? 



2. Observe shape and color. 



3. Parts of flower; observe : 



a. The green Calyx, composed of five sepals which are fused 

 to form a cup. What vegetative parts do they resemble ? 



b. The showy Corolla, composed of five petals, one on the 

 upper (dorsal) side, the standard, two on the two sides, the wings, 

 attached by narrow stalks, two on the lower (ventral) side, united 

 by their median borders to form the keel, which is much folded and 

 twisted over the inner parts of the flower. What vegetative parts 

 do the petals represent? 



c. The Stamens (male parts of flower) ten in number, with 

 broad bases, narrow filaments, and enlarged yellow ends, the 

 anthers; the nine ventral ones united by their bases to form the 

 stamen tube, and one dorsal one free (not fused). Tease out the 

 contents of anther in water and examine under high power; it 

 contains numerous pollen grains which produce the sperms, or 

 male elements. 



d. The Pistil (female part of flower), a long greenish, taper- 

 ing body within the stamen tube, consisting of an enlarged basal 

 portion, the ovary or pod, a narrow filamentous portion, the style, 

 and an enlarged terminal portion bearing a tuft of delicate white 

 papillae, the stigma. Slit open the ovary and observe the ovules 

 attached along its ventral side; each contains the embryo sac in- 

 closing an egg; the latter develops into the embryo found within 

 the seed. 



Draw a flower split open along the dorsal mid-line so as to show 

 all of these parts; also make separate figures of anthers and pollen, 

 of ovary and ovules. 



B. PHYSIOLOGY. 

 I. METABOLISM. 



i. PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF CARBOHYDRATES. 



a. Chlorophyll. 



Place about 100 sq. cm. of young leaves in 60 cc. of 95 per cent 

 alcohol, cover dish and place in a darkened water bath at 5o-55 



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