Preface ix 



approved, it became consonant with it to include the addi- 

 tional quotations from Professor Poulton (Appendix A) 

 and Professors Conn and Headley (Appendix B), 

 all of which serve as substitutes for frequent separate 

 citations in various parts of the text, but gain in force 

 by this ' solid ' form of presentation. I am under obliga- 

 tions to all these writers (and also to their publishers) for 

 their generous permission to make such free use of their 

 writings. Principal Lloyd Morgan has also favoured me 

 with the concise ' new statement ' - as I call it for con- 

 venience of reference of his views, printed, with the 

 citations mentioned, in Appendix A. 



The work thus becomes, so far as this portion of it is 

 concerned, a sort of handbook of the theory of ' Ortho- 

 plasy,' 1 exhibiting its original forms of presentation and 

 reflecting its progress up to date. The defects of the 

 method, from the point of view of the ' continuous ' reader, 

 are so evident that I hope the critic may not find it in his 

 heart, after these explanations, to 'rub it in.' The prin- 

 cipal and obvious disadvantage is seen in certain necessary 

 repetitions. Yet these are always in the course of the 

 discussions of different phases of the larger topics; and 

 to the psychologist, at least, repetition has its pedagogical 

 justification. All readers are not equally mature; and 

 even to the least immature the saying 'here a little and 

 there a little ' is still the formula of least exertion. 



On the other hand, the remaining portions of the book, 

 Parts II. and III., are mostly new matter. Of this new 

 matter the things which are submitted by the writer with 

 solicitude defined as ' hope with sufficient fear ' are 

 the exposition of ' Psychophysical Evolution ' and the out- 

 line sketch of the 'Theory of Genetic Modes.' These are 

 more properly within the range of a professed psycholo- 



1 The theory of evolution which makes essential use of ' organic selection.' 



