TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 



INTRODUCTORY. 



PAGE 



Living and lifeless matter. Distinctive properties of living matter. Con- 

 sciousness. Scope of biology. The biological sciences. 1 



CHAPTER II. 



THE COMPOSITION OF LIVING ORGANISMS. 



Living and lifeless matter in the living organism. Organs and functions. 

 Tissues. Differentiation. Cells. Lifeless matter in the living tissues. 

 Summary. Practical study. 11 



CHAPTER III. 



LIVING MATTER OR PROTOPLASM. 



Historical sketch. Structure of protoplasm. Protoplasm in action. Energy 

 in living matter. Chemical relations of protoplasm. Physical rela- 

 tions. Practical study. 23 



CHAPTER IV. 



THE CELL. 



Introductory. The typical cell. Origin of cells in the body. Modifica- 

 tions of the cell. Differentiation. Variations in form. Variations in 

 structure. Cell-membranes in tissues. Summary. Practical study. 48 



CHAPTER V. 



THE BIOLOGY OF A PLANT. THE COMMON BRAKE. 



Introductory. Habilat, name, etc. General morphology. Special mor- 

 phology. Underground part. Arrangement of the leaves. Internal 

 structure of the rhizome. Minute anatomy of the rhizome, histology. 



2S.1 



