PRACTICAL STUDY. HI 



roots ; apical buds ; decaying ends ; mature and embryonic leaves ; 

 the stumps of older leaves, etc. 



3. Examine the leaves and make out all their different parts in 

 small and large specimens (p. 68). Observe in fertile leaflets the 

 reflexed edges (indusla) and the sporangia. 



B. Anatomy of the Rhizome and the Stipe. 



1. Cut a piece of the mature rhizome squarely and smoothly 

 across, and in an end view observe with the naked eye or a hand- 

 lens (Figs. 33, 35)- 



a. The general outline. 

 l>. Lateral ridges. 



c. Epidermis. 



d. Fibro-vascular system. 



e. Fundamental system, including all that remains, and 



showing, 

 a. Parenchyma. 



/3. Sclerotic parenchyma or sub-epidermis, 

 y. Sclerotic prosenchyma. 

 d. The insertion of a root (occasionally). 



2. Make a similar cut % inch from the end through an apical 

 bud, compare the end view of this with what you have seen in 

 the mature rhizome, and make sketches. 



3. Examine a thick longitudinal section through an apical bud. 

 Afterwards soak the section for a few minutes in a solution of 

 aniline chloride acidified with hydrochloric acid. All of the 

 tissues except the fundamental parenchyma are colored yellow. 

 Sketch. 



4. Dissect with a knife a piece of a mature rhizome softened 

 by soaking for some hours in water, or by heating for a few min- 

 utes in Schulze's macerating fluid (see Appendix), and follow out 

 the various tissues. 



5. Make a similar examination of the stipe. 



C. Histology of the Rhizome. 



1. Using a sharp razor or a microtome, make an entire trans- 

 verse section of a small mature rhizome. If an alcoholic speci- 

 men is used, it should be previously soaked for some minutes in 



