Before Aristotle 7 



deer forcing their way through thickets, browsing peacefully, 

 or galloping away, boars facing the hounds and dogs chasing 

 hares, wild cattle forming their defensive circle, hawks seizing 



FIG. i. Lioness and young from an Ionian vase of the sixth century B.C. 

 found at Caere in Southern Etruria (Louvre, Salle E, No. 298), from Le 

 Dessin des Animaux en Grece dapres les vases peints^ by J. Morin, Paris 

 (Renouard), 1911. The animal is drawing itself up to attack its hunters. 

 The scanty mane, the form of the paws, the udders, and the dentition are 

 all heavily though accurately represented. 



A 



FIG. 2 . A, Jaw bones of lion ; B, head of lioness from Caere vase 

 (Fig. i), after Morin. Note the careful way in which the artist has dis- 

 tinguished the molar from the cutting teeth. 



their prey. Many of these exhibit minutely accurate observa- 

 tion. The very direction of the hairs on the animals' coats has 

 sometimes been closely studied, and often the muscles are \vell 

 rendered. In some cases even the dentition has been found 



