EXPLANATION OF TERMS. 



475 



fructification and signifying the cell or 

 group of cells fertilised by an act of con- 

 jugation. In this book restricted to a 

 unicellular or pluricellular female sexual 

 organ \vithoutaspecialreceptiveand trans- 

 mitting apparatus, in which the protoplasm 

 is not rounded off to form an oosphere, 

 and which is stimulated by fertilisation 

 to a process of growth resulting in a 

 sporocarp ; seen in Ascomycetes. Same 

 as carpogonium and ascogonium. 



Aril. Any outgrowth of the funiculus or 

 the coat of a seed. 



Ascocarp. In Ascomycetes : sporocarp 

 producing asci and ascospores ; its three 

 kinds are apothecium or discocarp, peri- 

 thecium or pyrenocarp, and cleistocarp. 



Aseogonium (ascogone). In Ascomy- 

 cetes : (a) same as archicarp ; (b) 

 carpogenous portion of a procarp. 



Ascospore. Spore formed in an ascus. 



Ascus. A large cell usually the swollen 

 extremity of a hyphal branch in the 

 ascocarp of Ascomycetes within which 

 spores (typically 8) are developed. 



Asymmetrical flower. A flower not divi- 

 sible in any vertical plane into similar 

 halves. By English and French writers 

 used to denote dissimilarity of the number 

 of members in calyx, corolla and androe- 

 cium. Comp. symmetrical. 



Aulophyte. Plant living in the interior of 

 another for the sake of shelter only, not 

 parasitic. Same as 'Raumparasit.' 



Autoecious. In Fungi : forms which pass 

 through all stages of their development 

 on the same host are termed autoecious. 

 Comp. heteroecious. 



Auxospore. In Diatomaceae ; relatively 

 large cell occurring in the course of a life- 

 history, and the starting-point of a series 

 of successive fissiparous divisions, the re- 

 sulting daughter-cells being successively 

 smaller until a minimum is reached, when 

 an auxospore is again introduced in the 

 life-cycle. 



Axial, (a] Of the nature of an axis, (b) 

 Belonging to an axis. 



Axil. Angle formed on its upper side by 

 the attachment of a lateral member. 



Axile. In the axis of any structure. 



Axillant. Subtending an axil. 



Axillary. In or belonging to an axil. 



Basal wall. In Archegoniatae : primary 



wall dividing the oospore into an anterior 



and a posterior half. 

 Basidiospore. Spore acrogenously ab- 



jointed upon a basidium. 

 Basidium. Mother-cell from which spores 



are acrogenously abjointed. 

 Basipetal. In the direction of the base. 



Comp. acropetal. 



Basiscopic. Looking towards the apex, 

 i. e. on the side towards the apex. Comp. 

 acroscopic. 



Berry. Fruit with seeds immersed in 

 pulp. 



Bicollateral vascular bundle. Vascular 

 bundle with two groups of phloem lying 

 upon opposite sides of the xylem. Comp. 

 collateral. 



Bisexual. Having both male and female 

 organs : said of a flower it is the same as 

 her m aphrodite. 



Bostryx. Sympodial branching in which, 

 from the homodromy of the phyllotaxis 

 of the axes of limited growth that build 

 up the system, the median plane of each 

 successive axis is placed always upon 

 the same side, i. e. always upon the 

 right or always upon the left, of the 

 median plane of the preceding axis, and 

 thus the branches form a continuous 

 spiral around the sympodium or false 

 axis. Same as helicoid cyme. 



Bracteole. Small leaflet upon an ultimate 

 branch (pedicel) of an inflorescence. 



Bract-scale. In Coniferae : scale of the 

 cone above which lies the seminiferous 

 scale. 



Brood-bud. (a) In Lichens : same as 

 soredium. (^) In Archegoniatae : same 

 as bulbil. 



Brood-cell. Propagative cell, naked or 

 with a membrane, produced asexually 

 and separating from the parent. Same as 

 gonidium. It passes without demarca- 

 tion into the brood-gemma and bulbil. 



Brood-gemma. Pluricellular propagative 

 body without differentiation into stem and 

 leaf, produced asexually and separating 

 from the parent. It passes without de- 

 marcation into the brood-cell on the one 

 side, and into the bulbil on the other. 



Bud-rudiment in Chara fragilis. Cell 

 cut off from a proembryonic branch as 

 the primordium of the young plant. 



Bulbil, (a) In Chara : same as amylum- 

 star. (b) In Archegoniatae : deciduous 

 leaf-bud capable of propagating its kind ; 

 also termed bulblet. 



Bundle-sheath. Limiting layer of sur- 

 rounding cellular tissue which forms a 

 more or less complete sheath to a single 

 vascular bundle, or marks off a whole 

 bundle-ring from the cortical tissue. 

 Same as plerome-sheath. It may be 

 in the form of endodermis or of starch- 

 layer. 



Calycine. (a] Like or of the nature of a 

 calyx, (b) Belonging to a calyx. 



Calyculus. Same as epicalyx. 



Calyptra. In Muscineae : venter of the 

 archegonium increased in size with the 



