EXPLANATION OF TERMS. 



487 



Saprophyte. Plant living on decaying 

 organic matter. 



Sarcocarp. Fleshy mesocarp. 



Schizocarp. Pericarp splitting into two 

 or more one-seeded indehiscent portions 

 (mericarps). Same as split-fruit. 



Sclerotiurn. In Fungi : tuber-like pluri- 

 cellular body, filled with nutrient material, 

 which becomes detached when mature 

 from the mycelium producing it, and after 

 remaining dormant for a time puts out 

 shoots which develope into 'fructification.' 

 In My.xomycetes the sclerotium is formed 

 out of a plasmodium and after its period 

 of rest developes again a plasmodium. 



Scolecite. Tulasne's term for the vermi- 

 form archicarp in Ascobolus pulcherrimus. 



Scorpioid cyme. Same as cicinnus. 



Scutellum. In Gramineae : shield-like 

 expansion of hypocotyl which acts as an 

 organ of suction through which the 

 embryo absorbs the nutrient substance 

 of the endosperm. 



Scutiforrn leaf. In Salviniaceae : the 

 cotyledon. 



Secundine. Integument of an ovule 

 immediately surrounding the nucellus. 



Seed-coat. Integument of the seed derived 

 from ovular structures. 



Seminiferous scale. In Coniferae : scale 

 above the bract-scale upon which the 

 ovules are placed and the seed is ul- 

 timately borne. 



Sepal. Leaf of calyx. 



Sepaloid. Like a sepal. 



Septicidal. Dehiscence through the dis- 

 sepiments and the ventral sutures of the 

 carpels in a syncarpous fruit is septicidal. 



Septifragal. Dehiscence of a syncarpous 

 fruit is septifragal when the whole or a 

 part of each dissepiment-remains attached 

 to a central column whilst the valves 

 are detached. 



Seta. In Musci : stalk of capsule in 

 sporogonium. 



Shield. In Characeae : one of eight flat 

 cells constituting the wall of the globule. 



Siliqua. Bicarpellary capsule with parietal 

 placentas and bilocular through the for- 

 mation of a spurious dissepiment stretched 

 across between the united margins of the 

 carpels which form the replum. 



Soredial branch. Branch produced by 

 the development of a soredium into a new 

 thallus while still on the mother thallus. 



Soredium. In Lichens : single algal cell or 

 group of algal cells wrapt in hyphal 

 tissue which when set free from the thallus 

 is able at once to grow into a new 

 thallus. Same as brood-bud. 



Sorus. In Filices : group of sporangia 

 arising together from a placenta. 



Spadix. Fleshy spike. 



Spathe. Sheath-like leaf enveloping an 

 inflorescence belonging to its own axis. 



Spawn. Same as mycelium. 



Spermatium. A male non-motile gamete 

 conjugating with the trichogyne of a 

 procarp. In Rhodophyceae produced in 

 or on variously formed structures, usually 

 termed antheridia. In Fungi formed by 

 abjunctionon sterigmatain cup-like organs 

 termed spermogonia. The male sexual 

 function of all spermatia in Fungi has 

 not been demonstrated. 



Spermatocyte. Mother-cell of a sper- 

 matozoid. 



Spermatozoid. Male ciliated motilegamete, 

 produced within an antheridium. 



Sperm-nucleus. Nucleus of a male gamete 

 (male pronucleus) which coalesces with 

 nucleus of oosphere (female pronucleus) 

 to form a germ-nucleus. 



Spermogonium. Cup-shaped receptacle 

 in which spermatia are abjointed on 

 sterigmata. 



Spike, (a) In Equisetaceae : aggregation 

 of sporophylls at apex of a shoot, (b) 

 In Phanerogams : simple racemose mono- 

 podial inflorescence with primary axis 

 elongated in region of branching and 



. flowers sessile. 



Spiral flower. Flower in which the 

 members are arranged in spiral series. 



Split-fruit. Same as schizocarp. 



Sporangiophore. In Equisetaceae : a 

 'sporophyll. 



Sporangium. A sac producing spores 

 endogenously. 



Spore. Any single cell that becomes free 

 and is capable of developing directly into 

 a new individual. 



Sporidium. Spore abjointed on a pro- 

 mycelium. 



Sporiferous. Bearing spores. 



Sporocarp. A pluricellular body developed 

 as the product of a sexual act serving 

 essentially for the formation of spores 

 and ceasing to exist after having once 

 with comparative rapidity formed a 

 number of spores ; the fructification 

 developed from an archicarp or procarp 

 in Fungi and Rhodophyceae is a sporo- 

 carp, the sporogonium in Muscineae is a 

 sporocarp. The term is also used for the 

 capsule-like structure formed by the 

 indusium enclosing the sporangia in 

 Heterosporous Filicinae. 



Sporocyte. Mother-cell of a spore. 



Sporogenous. Producing spores. 



Sporogonium. The sporocarp in Mus- 

 cineae. The whole product of the sexual 

 act remaining attached to, but not in 

 organic connection with, the plant bearing 

 the sexual organs (oophyte), and forming 

 the ' Moss-fruit.' 



