i68 



SECOND GROUP, MUSCINEAE. 



the leaves are always sessile and with a broad insertion; they usually stand close 

 above and beside each other; it is only on the stolons of many species, on the 

 gemmiferous stalks of Aulacomnion and Tetr aphis, and on the base of many leafy 

 shoots that they are minute and few (cataphyllary leaves) ; in the neighbourhood 

 of the sexual organs they generally form close rosettes or buds and assume peculiar 

 forms and colours. In Racopi'lum, Hypopterygium, and Cyathophorum there are two 



FIG. 121. Catharinea (Atrichum) undulatum with sporogonia. After Schimper. 



kinds of leaves ; a row of larger leaves on one side of the stem, and a row of smaller 

 leaves on the other. Moss-leaves are not branched, and their margins are entire or 

 toothed, seldom more deeply divided. Peculiar outgrowths occur on the inner (upper) 

 surface of the leaves in many species, such as the articulated hairs with capitate 

 ends of Barbula aloides and its allies. The lamina, which in other cases stretches 

 right and left from the median plane, is extended in Fissidens in the median plane 



