326 HOW TO WORK 



matter moves, and grows, and divides, and forms ; and I find that 

 everything that lives consists of matter like this, possessing like pro- 

 perties. 



I find no matter in nature which moves, grows, divides, or forms 

 save that which came from matter which did all these things before 

 it, and therefore I call all matter which does all these things //r/;/v, 

 and matter which does not do these things which does not exhibit 

 the phenomena of movement in all directions, growth, division, and 

 formation, jioii-liring. I want to know why the matter grows, moves, 

 divides, and forms. I am told that all this depends upon force, and 

 that force is conditioned in the cell mechanism just as it is in the 



machine. 



Then I urge that the living matter came from living matter like 

 itself which lived before it, and this from pre-existing living matter ; 

 while, on the other hand, the machine was not derived from another 

 machine, which after taking to itself iron and wood, or their elements, 

 and other things entering into its composition, and thus for a time 

 increasing in size, at length divided into two or more new machines. 

 Since force cannot of itself form the simplest possible machine or 

 t'ning adapted to any definite end or purpose, what right have we to 

 assert, contrary to all analogy, that force can form a particle of 

 germinal matter which, mass for mass or weight for weight, is far 

 more powerful that any machine ever made ? 



Lastly, as every machine results from the application of force 

 tii reefed by human intelligence and human will, is it probable that 

 the cell which forms itself and performs of itself at least without 

 human interference that which no machine has ever been made to 

 do, is formed by unintelligent, purposeless, designless force ? 



But supposing living matter to be formed upon the same prin- 

 ciples and to act in obedience to the same laws as the machine, we 

 must assume that intelligence and will, or some substitutes for these, 

 directed the application of the force by which each atom was arranged 

 in its proper place according to the work which was to be performed 

 and the nature of the things to be made for are not the springs, 

 wheels, and beams, &c., of a machine made and placed by force 

 directed by intelligence and will in the places designed for them ? If we 

 do not admit this, there is really no analogy at all between the forma- 

 tion of living matter and the formation of a machine. It must be re- 

 marked here that it is a great mistake to compare the entire organism of 

 man or animal with a complete active working machine. If any com- 

 parison at all is justifiable each individual cell or each minute par- 

 ticle of living germinal matter, which as it were contains within itself 

 tt '/ 'reefing powtr, and matter to be directed and arranged, must be 



