30 HOW TO WORK 



rate copies of the objects, although in execution they will not bear 

 comparison with artists' work. 



51. Drawing on Transfer Paper. If the drawing does not con- 

 tain much very minute work, it may be drawn on properly prepared 

 transfer paper with lead pencil, direct from the microscope. After- 

 wards, the lines are to be traced with a pen with lithographic ink ; 

 the shading may be effected by delicate lines made with the pen, or 

 with lithographic chalk. The latter plan, however, is not well 

 adapted for making transfer drawings. The drawing is then to be 

 sent to the lithographic printers, where it is damped, placed downwards 

 on a dry stone, and after being subjected to firm pressure, the paper 

 is peeled off, and the preparation, with the drawing, left on the stone. 

 The latter is removed with water, the drawing properly set, and the 

 printing ink applied with the roller. 



52. Transfer Paper is prepared for the purpose. Some which 

 was made of India paper, supplied to me by Messrs. Harrison and 

 Sons, St. Martin's Lane, I found answered exceeding well. 



53. Drawing on the stone. There are two plans for drawing on 

 the stone itself, which produce better results than the preceding 

 method, but they require more practice for their satisfactory execu- 

 tion. When much shading is required, and extreme delicacy of 

 outline is unnecessary, the outline is first made on paper, and the 

 drawing retraced on the stone in the manner described in 46 ; the 

 outline may then be traced with ink a pen, or very fine sable hair 

 brush, being used for the purpose ; the shading is to be given with 

 the lithographic chalk. The chalk is to be very finely pointed by 

 cutting downwards, the point being uppermost (as in pointing an 

 ordinary chalk crayon), and held in a handle made out of a common 

 quill. The lines are to be made very gently, repeating the strokes 

 frequently with a light hand, when depth of colour is required, rather 

 than by leaning heavily so as to remove a considerable quantity of 

 chalk at once, and deposit it upon the stones. When chalk shading 

 is employed, a finely grained stone is required. 



54. Of Engraving on stone. If the work is very delicate, as is 

 the case with most subjects the microscopical observer wishes to 

 obtain representations of. engraving on stone is to be preferred. The 

 process is very simple, but if the observer desires to obtain good 

 results, he must be content to spend some time in practice. The 

 stone must be finely polished, and it is well to have it tinted with a 

 little infusion of logwood, or to cover it with a thin layer of lamp 

 black, which enables the draughtsman to see his strokes better. The 

 outline of the drawing is traced as before, and then the lines scratched 

 upon the stone with a very fine point. A needle point, previously 



