124 1IOW TO 



muscular fibres are to be seen in fungiform papillae of the frog's 

 tongue. See drawings accompanying my paper in the Phil. Trans, 

 for 1864. 



222. Preparation of Muscular Fibre for Microscopical Examina- 

 tion. The transverse striae may usually be demonstrated upon a 

 piece of fresh muscular fibre, and are often seen very distinctly in a 

 portion of ordinary voluntary muscle that has been boiled. The 

 ultimate fibrillre are well displayed in the muscles of many of the 

 lower cartilaginous fishes, especially the lamprey. The mode of 

 cleavage can be very satisfactorily determined, and the "ultimate 

 sarcous particles " separated from each other. I have often obtained 

 most beautiful specimens of muscular fibre from the back of the 

 tongue, a few hours after a meal, of which meat has formed a portion. 

 The fibrillae often separate readily from each other in a portion of 

 muscle which has been macerated in a solution of chromic acid. 



The " fibrillse " present different appearances according to the 

 degree of contraction at the time of death and other circumstances. 

 Some of them are represented in pi. XXVIII, fig. 185, after some 

 drawings by Dr. Martyn. 



Amongst vomited matters or in the contents of the stomach of 

 an animal killed two or three hours after a meal, beautiful specimens 

 of striped muscular fibre may often be found. In the stomach, the 

 fibres sometimes break up into the disks described by Bowman, and I 

 have obtained these disks by macerating the muscles of young ani- 

 mals for some time in strong acetic acid. 



The thin, narrow, muscular bands, immediately under the skin of 

 frogs and other small animals, will be found to exhibit well the 

 general anatomy of voluntary muscle. The muscular fibre of the eel 

 splits up readily into its ultimate particles ; and beautiful prepara- 

 tions exhibiting the nbrilloe, have been obtained by Mr. Lealand 

 from the pig. Transverse, longitudinal, or oblique sections of muscle 

 may be made in the case of muscles which have been boiled, or 

 hardened in spirit, bichloride of mercury, or chromic acid. There- 

 agents of the greatest use in investigating the structure of muscular 

 fibre, are a dilute solution of caustic soda, and acetic acid, which are 

 employed more particularly in investigating the arrangement of the 

 nuclei. Preparations of muscular fibre may be preserved moist in glyce- 

 rine, glycerine jelly, chromic acid, or solution of creosote, pp. 56, 57, 

 or they may be dried and mounted in Canada balsam. 



The movements of muscle during contraction cannot be studied 

 jn the higher animals and man but may be observed in many of the 

 Jower Animals, see 256. 



223, Examination of UnstripcU Muscle. Involuntary, smooth, 



