406 



INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



151 : silicious skeleton, 151 '. symbiotic 

 relations with Zooxanthella, 152 



Rect'um (intestinum rectum, the straight 

 gut), the posterior or anal division of the 

 enteric canal, 277 



Redi, Francisco (Italian savant), experi- 

 ments on biogenesis, 95 



Reflex action, 285 



Reproduction, necessity for, 19 



Reproductive organ. See Gonad. 



Reservoir of contractile vacuole, Euglena, 



47 

 Respiration: Amoeba, 17: Polygordius, 



280 



Respiratory caeca, Starfish, 308 

 Rhiz'oid (pufc, root : elfios, form): Nitella, 



204, 212 : Moss, 331 : prothallusof Fern, 



35i 



Root, Fern, 340, 349 



Root-cap, 350 



Root-hairs, 349 , 353 



ROSS, Alexander, on abiogenetic origin 01 

 mice, insects, &c., 94 



Rotation of protoplasm, 208 



Rudiment, rudimentary (rudimentum, a 

 beginning), the early stage of a part or 

 organ : often used for a structure which 

 has undergone partial atrophy, but in 

 such cases the word vestige (ff-v.) is 

 more suitable. 



Segment'al cell : Nitella, 209 : Moss, 



331 : Fern, 347 

 Segmentation, metameric. See Meta- 



mere. 



SACCHAROMY CES (a-dK X a.pov, sugar : 

 /XV'KTJS, fungus): Figure, 71 : occurrence, 

 70 : structure, 70 : budding, 72, 73 : in- 

 ternal fission, 73 : nutrition, 74 : alco- 

 holic fermentation caused by, 74, 78, 79 : 

 experiments on nutrition of, 77-79 : ani- 

 mal or plant? 179 



SALVIN'IA : Figure, 365 : general cha- 

 racters, 364 : mega- and micro-sporangia 

 and spores, 364 : male and female pro- 

 thalli and gonads, 366 : development and 

 alternation of generations, 366 



Saprophyt'iC (craTrpo?, putrid : (^VTOI/, a 

 plant) nutrition, defined, 39 



Schulze's solution, test for cellulose, 28 : 



for lignin, 344, 345 



Scleren'chyma (o-/cATjp6?, hard : e-yx^M-a, 

 infusion): Moss, 330: Fern, 344, 347 



Secre'tion (secrctus, separate), nature of, 

 227 : formation of cell-wall a process of, 



-, I4 



Seed, formation of, 373, 374, 380 : germi- 

 nation of, 374 



Seg'ment (scgicntu)>i, a piece cut off), in 

 plants a node together with the next 

 proximal internode, 206 : in animals the 

 name is variously applied. See Meta- 

 mere, Podomere. 



SELAGINELL'A (treAa-yew, to shine): 



Figure, 368 : general characters, 367: cone, 



sporangia, and spores, 367 : prothalli and 



gonads, 367 : development and alterna- 



tion of generations, 369 

 Self-fertilization, applied to the sexual 



process when the gametes spring from 



the same individual, 197 

 Sep'alS (separ, separate), the outer or 



proximal perianth-leaves in the flower of 



Angiosperms, 377 

 Sep'tum (septitm, a barrier) : In plants, 



185 : in Polygordius, 276 : development 



of, 298 



Set'a (seta, a bristle), 287 

 Sex-cells, primitive, 252 : origin of in 



Hydroids, 244 : in Polygordius, 289 

 Sexual differentiation, illustrated by 



Vaucheria, 170: by Spirogyra, 197 

 Sexual generation. See Gamobium. 

 Sexual reproduction, nature of, 42 

 Shell, Mussel, 316 

 Shoot, in plants, an axis of the second or 



any higher order with its leaves, 207 

 Sieve-tubes and plates, 346 

 Sinus (shins, a hollow), a spacious cavity, 



Skeleton. See Endo- and Exo-skeleton. 



Slime-fungi. See Mycetozoa. 



Solid aggregate, 201 



Somat'iC (o-w/xa, the body), applied to the 



layer of mesoderm which is in contact 



with the ectoderm and with it forms the 



body-wall, 274 

 Sor'us (crajpo?, a heap), an aggregation of 



sporangia, 350, 364 

 Species (species, a kind), meaning of term 



illustrated, 8, 135 : definition of, 137 : 



origin of, 139-142 



Specific characters, specific name, 8. 



137 



Specialized, meaning of, 138 



Sperm (a-irepfj-a, seed), the male or micro- 

 gamete in its highest stage of differentia- 

 tion : structure and development of, 252 : 

 see also under the various types, and 

 especially Vaucheria, 170, 171 



Spermatozo'id, spermatozo'on (o-Trep/ua. 



seed : ftoof, animal, from the actively 

 moving sperms of animals having been 

 supposed to be parasites), synonyms of 

 sperm. 



Spermary (o-Tre'p/xa, seed), the male gonad 

 or sperm-producing organ : see under the 

 various types, and especially Vaucheria, 

 170 



Sperm 'idUCt (a-n-ep^a, seed : duco, to lead), 

 a tube conveying the sperm from the 

 spermary to the exterior, 291 



