INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



399 



Eye-spots or Ocelli : Medusa, 239 

 Polygordius, 286, 295 



Faeces (faex, dregs), solid excrement, 

 consisting of the undigested portions of 

 the food, 1 6 



Ferm'ent (fermentum, yeast, from fer- 

 veo, to boil or ferment), a substance 

 which induces fermentation, i.e. a 

 definite chemical change, in certain sub- 

 stances with which it is brought into 

 contact, without itself undergoing 

 change : unorganized and organized 

 ferments, 79 : alcoholic, 75-80 : ace- 

 tous, 90 : diastatic or amylolytic, 80 : 

 lactic, 90 : peptonizing or proteolytic, 

 80 : putrefactive, 90 : ferment-cells of 

 Mucor, 165 



FERNS : Figures, 342, 352 : general 

 characters, 340, 341 : histology of stem, 

 leaf, and root, 340-350 : nutrition, 350 : 

 spore-formation, 351 : prothallus and 

 gonads, 351-354 : development, 355 : al- 

 ternation of generations, 357 



Fertilization (fertilis, bearing fruit) : 

 the process of conjugation of a sperm or 

 sperm-nucleus with an ovum whereby 

 the latter is rendered capable of develop- 

 ment : a special case of conjugation 

 (q.v.), 197 : details of process, 259 : in 

 Vaucheria, 171 : in Gymnosperms, 372, 



373 : in Angiosperms, 379 

 Filtering air, method of, 97 

 Fins, Dogfish, 321 



FiSS'ion (fissio, a cleaving), Simple or 

 binary), the division of a mother-cell 

 into two daughter-cells : in Amoeba, 19 : 

 Heteromita, 40 : animal cells generally, 

 63-65 : plant-cells generally, 65-67 : Para- 

 moecium, 112 : Vorticella, 129 



Fission, multiple, the division of a 

 mother-cell into numerous daughter- 

 cells : in Heteromita, 42 : Protomyxa, 

 51 : Saccharomyces, 73 



Fission, process intermediate between 

 simple and multiple, Opalina, 122 



Flagella. See Cilium. 



Flag'ellate Infusoria, 105 



Flagell'ula (diminutive of flagelluni), the 

 flagellate germ of one of the lower 

 organisms (often called zoospores, 51, 54 



Flagell'um (flagellum, a whip) : defined, 

 25 : transition to pseudopod, 52, 228 



Floral receptacle, the abbreviated axis of 

 an angiospermous flower, 376 



Flower, a specially modified cone (g.v.), 

 having a shortened axis which bears 

 perianth-leaves as well as sporophylls, 



374 : often applied to the cone of Gymno- 

 sperms, 369 



Food-current, Mussel, 316, 318 

 Food-vacuole, a temporary space in the 



protoplasm of a cell containing water 



and food-particles, n, no 

 Foot : of Mussel, 316 : of phyllula of fern 



FORAMINIF ERA (foramen,* hole \fero, 

 to bear), 146 : Figures, 147, 148, 149 



Fragmentation of the nucleus, n8 



Free cell formation, 373 



Fruit of Angiosperms, 380 



Function (fttnctio, a performing), mean- 

 ing of the term, 9 



Gam'ete (ya/ae'co, to marry), a conjugating 

 cell, whether of indeterminate or deter- 

 minate sex : Heteromita, 41 : Mucor, 

 163 : Spirogyra, 196 : Vaucheria, 171 



Gamob'ium (ya/aos, marriage : /St'os, life), 

 the sexual generation in organisms ex- 

 hibiting alternation of generations (q.v.) : 

 progressive subordination of, to agamo- 

 bium in vascular plants, 357, 381 



Ganglion (yayyAiov, a tumour), a swelling 

 on a nerve-cord in which nerve-cells are 

 accumulated, 315, 319 



Gastric juice (yaa-nfip, the stomach), pro- 

 perties of, 12 



Gast'mla (diminutive of yacrrxjp, the 

 stomach), the diploblastic stage of the 

 animal embryo in which there is a diges- 

 tive cavity with an external opening : 

 characters and Figure of, 261 : two 

 hypotheses of origin of (Figures), 264, 

 265 : contrasted with phyllula, 356 



Gemmation (gemma, a bud). See Bud- 

 ding. 



Generation, asexual, See Agamobium. 

 Sexual. See Gamobium. 



Generations, Alternation of. See Al- 

 ternation of generations. 



Generalized, meaning of term, 138 



Gen'US (genus, a race), generic name, 

 generic characters, 8, 137 



Germ-filter, 97 



Germinal spot, the nucleolus 01 the 

 ovum, 255 



Germination (germinatio, a budding), 

 the sprouting of a spore, zygote, or 

 oosperm to form the adult plant : for 

 germination of the various types see 

 under their names. 



Gill, an aquatic respiratory organ, 314, 319, 



32o> 3 2 5 



Gland (glans, an acorn), an organ of se- 

 cretion (q.v .) : gland-cells, 227, 229, 281 



Glochid'ium, 320 



Gon'ad (yo'i/o?, offspring, seed), the essen- 

 tial organ of sexual reproduction, 

 whether of indeterminate or determinate 

 sex, i.e. an organ producing either un- 



