UNION OF DISSIMILAR PARTS. 



183 



tacle, so commonly placing this insertion around instead of 

 beneath the pistil ; whence the name. The perigyny may be, 

 as the figures show, merely 

 the adnation of petals and 

 stamens to calyx, the calyx 

 remaining Irypog3-nous, as in 

 Fig. 337 ; or else the adna- 

 tion of the calyx, involving 

 the other organs, to the lower 

 part of the ovary, as in Fig. 

 338, or up to the summit of 

 the ovary, while the petals 

 and stamens are adnate stiU further to the calyx, as in Fig. 339. 

 The latter passes into what is called 



Epigynous (on the pistil), where the adnation is complete to 

 the very top of the ovary, and none beyond it, as in Fig. 340, 

 341. Yet here the parts so termed are not really on the ovary, 

 except where an epigynous disk (394) actually surmounts it. 



339 



340 341 



333. Adnation brings some other terms into use in botanical 

 descriptions, especially those of superior and inferior. In this 

 connection, these words (in Latin taking the form of superus and 

 inferus) denote the position in respect to each other of ovary and 

 floral envelopes, not the morphological, but the apparent posi- 

 tion or place of origin. Thus, in Fig. 336 and in 337, the calyx 

 is inferior, or in other words the ovary superior. Here real and 

 apparent origin agree, this being the normal condition, which 

 is otherwise expressed by saying that the parts are free, i. e. free 

 from all adnation of one to the other. But, in Fig. 339-341, the 



FIG. 339. Similar section of a flower of Hawthorn, showing complete adnation to 

 the summit of the ovary and of the other parts beyond. 



FIG. 340. Vertical section of a Cranberry-flower, and 341, of flower of Aralia 

 nudicaulis, with so-called epigynous insertion of calyx, corolla, and stamens; the calyx 

 of the latter completely consolidated with the surface of the ovary, or its limb 

 obsolete. 



