192 



THE FLOWER. 



Clematis and Anemone, Fig. 364), and the corolla is sometimes 

 greenish or leaf-like, the only real dilierenee between the two is 



that the calyx represents the outer 

 and the corolla the inner series. 

 Even this distinction becomes arbi- 

 trary when the perianth consists of 

 three or four circles, or of a Less 

 definite number of spirally arranged 

 members. 



:>4!. Vet the only perianth obvi- 

 ously present may be corolla, as when 

 the calyx has its tube wholly adnate 

 to the ovary and its border or lobes obsolete or wanting.' 1 Aralia 

 nudie.-mlis ( Fig. 341) is an instance, likewise many Umhc-llifcrjB, 

 some species of Feclin or Valerianella. the fertile flowers of Nyssa, 

 and those Composite which have no pappus. For l'.\n>t;.s, 

 the name originally given to thistle-down and the like, answers 

 to the border or lobes of a calyx attenuated and depauperated 

 down to mere fibres, bristles, or hairs. The name is ex- 

 tended to other and less obliterated forms. (C.44, Fig. 631-633.) 

 When the obliteration is complete, as in Mayweed (Fig. 630), 

 in some species of Coreopsis. &<-.. the corolla seems to be simply 

 continuous with the apex of the ovary. A comparison with 

 related forms reveals the real state of things. 2 



O 



350. So also in llippuris. in which (along 

 with extreme numerical reduction of the other 

 floral circles) the calyx as well as corolla seems 

 to be wanting: but the insertion of the stamen 

 on the ovary (epigynous) suggests an adnate 

 ealyx, and near inspection detects its border. 



351. Both calyx and corolla an- really want- 

 ing in the otherwise complete and perfect (symmetrical and 



1 In tin- flowers of the two common species of Prickly Ash (Zanthoxy- 

 luni) of the Atlantic; United States. OIK- has a double, the oilier a single 

 perianth (as shown in Cray. (ien. lllustr. ii. 148, t. lAli) : the position of the 

 stamens gives a presumption that the missing circle of the latter is the calyx ; 

 yet it may lie otherwise explained. In Santalaeea- there are some grounds 

 for suspecting that the simple perianth, although opposite the stamens, is 

 corolla : and the foliaceous sepal-lohes of the female (lowers of Buckleya 

 would confirm this, if these are true sepals rather than adnate braets. 



J In the pappus of Composite, every gradation is seen between undoubted 

 calyx, recognizable as such by structure as well as position, and diaphanous 

 scales, bristles, and mere hairs, wholly " trichomes " as to structure, although 

 in the place of "phyllomes " and representing them. 



Flower of Anemone Penns\ Ivanira; apetalous. tlie calyx petalni I. 

 Hi ; :;uri. Aclilainyilenus flower of Lizard's-tail (Saururus cernuus), magnlried. 



