CtELENTEKA 883 



body are effected by the like agency of paddles arranged in meridional 

 bands. These are splendidly luminous in. the dark, and the lumi- 

 nosity is retained eyen by fragments of their bodies, being augmented 

 by agitation of the water containing them. All the Ctenophora are 

 reproduced from eggs, and are already quite adyanced in their deve- 

 lopment by the time they are hatched. Long before they escape, 

 indeed, the}- swim about with great activity within the walls of their 

 diminutive prison, their rows of locomotive paddles early attaining 

 a large size, although the long flexile tentacles of (.'.'/<? ijtpe are then 

 only short stumpy protuberances. By Ccelopla/na and Ctenopla/na 

 the Ctenophora appear to be allied to the Planarian Worms. 1 



Those who may desire to acquire a more systematic and detailed acquaintance 

 with the zoophyte, group may be especially referred to the following treatises and 

 memoirs, in addition to those already cited, and to the various recent systematic 

 treatises on zoology : Dr. Johnston's History < >f Britinli Zi'xiplnjtes ; Professor Mihie- 

 Edwards's ' Recherches sur les Polypes,' and his 'Histoire des Corallaires ' fin the 

 SH ites I'l Biiffnii ), Paris, 1857 ; Professor Van Beneden, ' Sur les Tubulaires ' and ' Sur les 

 Campanulaires,' in Mem. <!/ I'Acad. Roy. tie Bn/xcUes, torn, xvii., and his ' Recherches 

 snr 1'Hist. Xat. des Polypes qui frequentent les Cotes de Belgique,' op. eit. torn, 

 xxxvi. ; Sir J. G. Daly-ell's Ban- <DK! Bcui/trkable Animals of Scotland, vol. i.; 

 Trembley's Mini, jumr servir <'< /'l/i^tnire d'un genre dc Polype d'eau donee; M. 

 Hollard's 'Monographic du Genre Actinia' in Ann. des Sci. Nat. ser. iii. torn. xv. ; 

 Professor Max Schultze, 'On the Male Reproductive Organs of Ca/m/panularia genicu- 

 1 <i tii ' in < t >nn rt. Juunt. Mirr. Sci. vol. iii. 1855, p. 59; Professor F. E. Schulze's memoirs 

 on Gordylophora lacustris, Leipzig, 1871, and on Syncoryne, 1873 : Professor Agassiz's 

 beautiful monograph 011 American Medusae, forming the third volume of his Contri- 

 butions to tlie Natural History of the United States of America', Mr. Hincks's 

 Brit tali Hiidroid Zoophytes ; Professor Allman's admirable memoirs on Cordylophora 

 and Mi/r/othela in the Phil. Trans, for 1853 and 1875; Professor Lacaze-Duthiers's 

 Hist. Xat. du Corail, Paris, 1864, and his essays on the Development of Corals, in 

 vols. i. and ii. of the Archives tie Zool. experimentale; Professor J. R. Greene's 

 Manual of the Sub-kingdom Ccelenterata, which contains a bibliography very com 

 plete to the date of its publication, and the articles ' Actinozoa,' ' Ctenophora,' and 

 ' Hydrozoa ' in the supplement to the Natural History Division of the English Cyclo- 

 pedia. The Ctenophora are specially treated of in vol. iii. of Professor Agassiz's 

 Contributions to the Natural History of the United States. See also Profe^or 

 Alex. Agassiz's Seaside Studies in Natural History and his Illustrated Catalogue 

 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College; Professor James 

 Clark in American Journal of Science, ser. ii. vol. xxxv. p. 348; Dr. D. Macdonald in 

 Trans. Boy. Soc Edinb. vol. xxiii. p. 515 ; Mr. H. X. Moseley, ' On the Structure of 

 a Species of Millepora,' in Phil. Trans. 1*77, p. 117. and ' On the Structure of the 

 Sty last eridce,' ibid. 1878, p. 4'25 ; and on the Acalephce, Professor Haeckd's Britriige 

 zur Naturgeschichte der H.y drained use n ; the masterly work of the brotlu-r^ Hrrtwig, 

 Das Nervensystem nnd die Sinnesorgane der Mcditsen, 1878 ; and the memoir of 

 Professor Scha'fer, ' On the Nervous System of Anrelia anrita,' in Phil. Trans. 1878, 

 p. 563. Of later treatises Professor Ray Lankester's article on Hydrozoa, in the 9th 

 edition of the Encydopcedia Britannica; the 'Challenger' Reports of Professor 

 Allman on the Hydroida I Plumulariidte only), Professor Haeckel on (lie Medusa?, 

 Professor Moseley on Deep-sea Corals, Dr. R. Hertwig on the Actiniaria, Professors 

 E. P. Wright and Studer on the Alcyonaria, and Mr. George Brook on the Antipatharia ; 

 the monographs by Dr. A. Andres on Actinia; and by Dr. C. Chun on Ctenophora, 

 published in the Finuia n ml Flora ill's Golfi-x mn Nfupi'l, should be consulted. 

 Dr. Chun has made some progress with a general account of the Co-lentera in Bronn's 

 ' Thierreich,' Bd. ii. Abth. 2. On fresh- water Medusa?, see Mr. R. T. Giinther 

 in Quart. Joitru. M/rj-. Sri. xxxvi. p. ^84. 



1 See Korotueff, Zritm-Jir. f. //-/'x.s. Z<"ml. xliii. p. -J4'J, and Dr. A. "Willey Quart. 

 Journ. Mii-r. Sri. xxxix. p. :;-j:i. 



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