1090 TE:-: mci - :z :y -i AL 



E i riary Iime>- : which Paris is chiefly btiilt consists almost 



f the s - I is thus known as mill 



(mi - - - - !:. the -- ~tratum of nurumiilitic 1: 



- - ' - - - 



:xscopr - - thai 'le matrix in which the 1 _ 



- :-e nomimi- ~ - - ioibe- - hself composed of oomrm'n - 



rng sL - f 1 -.-.- _ - "ler with minuter 



r Lfer Sii _ sms, with fragments of crin 



moflusca. cent. .re abundantly p: - in the 



- Ln this " those of S _ _ 



--., 



Europe, as 5 in I - ther I :c- lime- 



- - sequent charu 3 red the 



- . : . - . >tituents in 1st _ - ble. T:_'> 



_ - is of Russia 1 ads f limestone of 



- 3 rram fifteen inches- to ir .\nd 



frequentlv rej - ~ -rough a pth of two hundred : 



liic-h are ahnost entirely composed of the 

 _ - Again, - - f the Carl :rix>us 



lim- - eland which have undergone le st. -~ rrbance can be 



plai: - nofn_ - - - - - - 



-le reir - : Fr-raminif-rifi. Poly: _ fcs of corals. 



~. unfrequently har pens, - of this liL - 



^e^e ai L to be loaded with n_i 



us kinis. particularly Foraminif : which 



~ - present ~. - lUtiful pol 



knowTi - -corals. 



Mention has been already made of P: fess Elrenberg's 

 remarkable disco very that a large proportk>: - - - ' st : the 

 yr**H sand* which present themselves in various stratifie<i deposits, 

 from the Silurian period to the Tertiary era. and in that ci 

 the TTpper Greensand. is composed of the casts of the interior of 

 minute shells of Foraminifera and Moflusca. the shells themselves 

 having entirelv disappeared. The mineral material of these casts 

 has not merely filled the chambers and their communicating 



. - * LH.S uL>> penetrated, even to its minutest ramifications, 

 the canal-system of the intermediate skeleton. The precise parallel 

 to these deposits presents itself in certain spots of the existing sea- 

 bottom, such as the Agulhas bank, near the Cape of Good Hope, 

 where the dredge comes up laden with a green sand, which on 

 microscopic examination proves to consist almost entirelv of 



internal casts " of existing Foraminifera. 1 



It is. however, in the ca.-* of the teeth, the bones, and the dermal 

 - 



me? most apparent : since their structure presents so many 



characteristics which are subject to well-marked variations in their 



*-veral classes, orders, and families that a knowledge of these 



-icters frequently enables the microscopist to determine the 



:?r Report* : Deep Sta Dcpaut* < UnrraT and "Rfnintl. p- 3~8. 



-. - - ---:- :-:.::-:/:- 



